1. CONNECTION Prepared by : Shamilah Anudai@Anuar

2. Types of members joining
Beam to beam connections – Primary beam to secondary beam connections, beam splice
Column to column connections - column splices use to connect different size of column sections
Beam to column connections – Fin plates, End plates, web or end cleats, Hunched connections
Column base plate connections

3. Bolted and Welded connection
Bolted connection
Welded connection

4. Failure in Bolted Connection DesignP P P
Failure plane in
single shear P P
Bearing failure of plate material
P/2 P P
P/2
Failure planes
double shear

5. Failure of bolts, plate and connection
Bearing connection
Shearing of bolts
Bearing failure
of plate
Bearing failure of bolts
Friction connection

6. BLOCK SHEAR
Gusset plate

7. BLOCK SHEAR (cont’)
Failure occurs by rupture on the shear area and rupture on the tension area

8. Block Shear (cont’)

9. Block Shear (cont’)
Shear Area
Tension Area

10. Single Shear – A bolted connection in single shearP P P P Fv
One surface in shear P P P

11. Double shear – A bolted connection in double shear
P/2 P
P/2
Two shear planes Fv
P/2 P P
P/2 Fv

12. Bearing of a bolt on a bolt hole
Center plate
Bearing stress
Projected Bearing Area P P
The bearing surface can be represented by projecting the cross section of the bolt hole on a plane ( into a rectangle)

13. Block shear rupture of connection
High strength bolts resist shear (primarily), the connected part must resist yielding and rupture.
Weld must resist shear stress. The design strengths depend on the weld materials.
Failure for block shear rupture limit state
The limit state for connections depends on the tension, shear, bearing, bending yielding (due to eccentric loads) and rupture.
Block shear rupture in tension

14. Tearing of the plate across the bolt holes
Block Tearing P
Tearing of the plate across the bolt holes P
End tear
(rupture) P P P ft

15. Transverse stress distribution Longitudinal stress distribution
Welded connection
Transverse stress distribution
Transverse Weld P
Longitudinal stress distribution
Longitudinal Weld P P P

16. Example 1:Tension splice – single shear
A lap joint is shown in Figure 1 which a single grade 8.8, 16 mm diameter ordinary bolt connects two of 10 mm thick S275 plates. There is one shear interface and it is assumed that the bolts is fully threaded.
Check the minimum and maximum edge and end distances by assuming the steel exposed to the weather or other corrosive influences
Check the load capacity of the connection with respect to :-
i. Bolt shear
ii. Bolt bearing
iii. Block tearing
iv. Plate tension capacity

17. Example 2:Tension splice – double shear
In this case, there are two shear interfaces and four 20 mm diameter Grade 8.8 of ordinary bolts as shown in Figure 2. The outer plates are 8 mm thick, whilst the inner plate is 12 mm thick, all are S275 steel.
Check the minimum and maximum edge and end distances by assuming the steel exposed to the weather or other corrosive influences
Check the load capacity of the connection with respect to :-
i. Bolt shear
ii. Bolt bearing
iii. Block tearing
iv. Plate tension capacity

18. Example 2:Tension splice – double shear (cont.’)

19. Example 3 : Shear resistance of a welded end plate to beam connection
Figure 3

20. Example 4 : Bolted beam-to-column connection using an end plate
A beam section is connected to the flange of a column 305 x 305 x 97 UC, as shown in Figure 4 below. The beam is welded to an end plate 10 mm thickness and consequently the plate is bolted to the flange of the column using 6 bolts 20 mm diameter, Grade 8.8.
a) Check positioning of holes for bolts
b) Determine bearing and shear resistance of bolt group
c) Calculate the resistance of welded connection between
beam and end-plate

21. Example 4 (cont.’)

22. Assignment 2
Figure 1 shows the beam layout of a floor plan of car park building. All beams are simply supported and the secondary beam act as lateral restraint on the main beam. Design beam
2/A-D using steel section Grade S275. The design factored loadings are given as follows:
Uniformly distributed load on the slab = 8.0 kN/m2
Uniformly distributed load include its self-weight = 4.0 kN/m
There is a 3.5 m height brick wall on beam B/1-3, its weight (factored) is 4 kN/m2.
Each student should proposed DIFFERENT SIZE OF SECTION, if not mark will divide equally
Date of submission 23/05/2017 during lecture time.

23. Figure 1
Floor plan