1. Betwixt and Between

2. Pop Quiz
According to Turner, which of the following is true about the way community members perceive those in the liminal state of a rite de passage?
A) They are neither alive nor dead
B) They are both alive and dead
C) They are dangerous
D) They are unclean
E) Both A & B
F) Both C & D
G) All of the above
At the end of the article, Turner explains that communities often surround the neophytes (those people undergoing the rite de passage) with a number of images and signs. What are the two primary characteristics of these images that he discusses?
How does Turner describe the monstrous?
What are the three types of close reading method described in the close reading packet?
According to the packet, what is one of the things you should keep in mind regardless of which close reading method you use?

3. Victor Turner
Born in Scotland and educated in England -After WWII began doing research on Ndembu and earned his PhD in Anthropology -Most famous for thinking about “social drama,” symbols, and rites of passages. -Precursor for performance studies

4. Liminal
The second stage in a rites of passage as defined by French Ethnographer Arnold Van Gennep.
Popularized by Turner
“Betwixt and Between” from the Latin “limen” meaning “threshold.”
Liminality “is the quality of ambiguity or disorientation that occurs in the middle stage of rituals, when participants no longer hold their pre-ritual status but have not yet begun the transition to the status they will hold when the ritual is complete.”
Socially invisibility, dead and infant, no property, “sacred poverty.”

5. Monstrous Communication of the sacra
via action, exhibition, and instruction
Three modes of exhibiting and instruction disproportion, monstrous, and mystery
“My own view is the opposite one: that monsters are manufactured precisely to teach neophytes to distinguish clearly between the different factors of reality, as it is conceived in their culture” (Turner, 52).

6. Young Monsters vs Black Monsters

7. Young Black Monsters Emmet Till Trayvon Martin Michael Brown
Tamir Rice
Cameron Tillman
VonDerrit Myers Jr.
Laquan McDonald
Carey-Smith-Viramontes
Diana Showman
See: “The 14 Teens Killed by Cops Since Michael Brown” in The Daily Beast

8. Close Reading Definition Strategies
A sustained and focused engagement with a piece of text, its content, and its construction.
a thoughtful, critical analysis of a text that focuses on significant details or patterns in order to develop a deep, precise understanding of the text's form, craft, meanings, etc.
Strategies
Archeological Dig
Follow the Trail
Side by Side