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Cytoskeleton
6. Vacuole
The cytoskeleton is not shown in the diagram, but you need to know what it is and what it does.
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2. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Vacuole

3. Nucleus
Vacuole

4. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
What is the function of vacuoles?
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5. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Vacuole
Organelle that stores materials such as water, glucose (for energy), and amino acids (for making protein).
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
The cell needs energy to power the production of protein. But the cell cannot directly use the chemical energy stored in food. The energy must be converted into a useable form. This is done by mitochondria.
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6. The vacuole in plant cells is much larger than animal cell vacuoles
The vacuole in plant cells is much larger than animal cell vacuoles. It is known as the central vacuole.
Cytoskeleton
Central
Vacuole

7. The central vacuole fills with water, creating pressure that makes the plant cell rigid.
Cytoskeleton

8. The pressure of the C.V. allows plants to support heavy structures, such as fruit and flowers.X
Both plant and animal cells contain a variety of organelles, each separated from the rest of the cell by their own membranes. As we discuss each organelle, label it on your diagram. The cell membrane is already labeled, because we are going to talk about that organelle later on. Be sure to label BOTH SIDES of your diagram!

9. When the central vacuole shrinks due to lack of water, the plant wilts.
Cytoskeleton

10. Unicellular protists have a special type of vacuole known as a contractile vacuole.
Cytoskeleton

11. Many unicellular protists live in lakes, ponds, etc
Many unicellular protists live in lakes, ponds, etc. As a result, water is constantly entering these cells.
Cytoskeleton

12. The contractile vacuole squirts water out of the cell, allowing unicellular protists to maintain fluid balance.
Cytoskeleton

13. Animal cell have small vacuoles; they store materials
To recap, there are three different kinds of vacuoles, each with different functions:
Animal cell have small vacuoles; they store materials
Plant cell have large central vacuoles; they fill with water and give structure to the plant
Unicellular protists have contractile vacuoles; they help the cell get rid of extra water
Cytoskeleton

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Cytoskeleton
9. Cytoskeleton
The “beams and columns” of a cell.
The cytoskeleton is not shown in the diagram, but you need to know what it is and what it does.
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Cytoskeleton
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
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16. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Cytoskeleton
Network of protein fibers that helps the cell maintain its shape.
Organelle that stores materials such as water, glucose (for energy), and amino acids (for making protein).
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Protein fibers
The cell needs energy to power the production of protein. But the cell cannot directly use the chemical energy stored in food. The energy must be converted into a useable form. This is done by mitochondria.

17. Additionally, the protein fibers can contract (get shorter)….
Both plant and animal cells contain a variety of organelles, each separated from the rest of the cell by their own membranes. As we discuss each organelle, label it on your diagram. The cell membrane is already labeled, because we are going to talk about that organelle later on. Be sure to label BOTH SIDES of your diagram!

18. …allowing some cells to move (ex: heart muscle cells).
Both plant and animal cells contain a variety of organelles, each separated from the rest of the cell by their own membranes. As we discuss each organelle, label it on your diagram. The cell membrane is already labeled, because we are going to talk about that organelle later on. Be sure to label BOTH SIDES of your diagram!

19. Recall that there are two types of ER – smooth and rough.
Cytoskeleton
Smooth ER
Attached ribosomes
Rough ER

20. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
What is the function of smooth ER?
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21. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Smooth ER
Organelle that puts lipids together to build new cell membrane and detoxifies harmful substances such as drugs/alcohol.
Organelle that stores materials such as water, glucose (for energy), and amino acids (for making protein).
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
The cell needs energy to power the production of protein. But the cell cannot directly use the chemical energy stored in food. The energy must be converted into a useable form. This is done by mitochondria.

22. The liver cell of an alcoholic, filled with smooth ER:
Cytoskeleton
The liver cell of an alcoholic, filled with smooth ER:

23. Since it has no attached ribosomes, smooth ER is NOT involved in making protein.
Cytoskeleton
Smooth ER
Attached ribosomes
Rough ER

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Cytoskeleton
10. Cell Membrane
The cytoskeleton is not shown in the diagram, but you need to know what it is and what it does.
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25. The cell membrane is already labeled in your diagrams:
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Both plant and animal cells contain a variety of organelles, each separated from the rest of the cell by their own membranes. As we discuss each organelle, label it on your diagram. The cell membrane is already labeled, because we are going to talk about that organelle later on. Be sure to label BOTH SIDES of your diagram!
Cell membrane
Cell membrane

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Cytoskeleton
What is the function of the cell membrane?
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27. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Network of protein fibers that helps the cell maintain its shape.
Organelle that stores materials such as water, glucose (for energy), and amino acids (for making protein).
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
The cell needs energy to power the production of protein. But the cell cannot directly use the chemical energy stored in food. The energy must be converted into a useable form. This is done by mitochondria.
Two layers
A flexible lipid bilayer that controls what enters and leaves the cell.

28. All cells, even prokaryotes, have a cell membrane.
Both plant and animal cells contain a variety of organelles, each separated from the rest of the cell by their own membranes. As we discuss each organelle, label it on your diagram. The cell membrane is already labeled, because we are going to talk about that organelle later on. Be sure to label BOTH SIDES of your diagram!

29. Some cells also have a cell wall surrounding the cell membrane.
Both plant and animal cells contain a variety of organelles, each separated from the rest of the cell by their own membranes. As we discuss each organelle, label it on your diagram. The cell membrane is already labeled, because we are going to talk about that organelle later on. Be sure to label BOTH SIDES of your diagram!

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Cytoskeleton
What is the function of the cell wall?
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31. Cell Wall
Network of protein fibers that helps the cell maintain its shape.
Organelle that stores materials such as water, glucose (for energy), and amino acids (for making protein).
The cell needs energy to power the production of protein. But the cell cannot directly use the chemical energy stored in food. The energy must be converted into a useable form. This is done by mitochondria.
Rigid structure made from cellulose that surrounds the cell membrane, giving structure to the cell.

32. Remember: without an internal skeleton, plants must constantly battle against the force of gravity.X
Both plant and animal cells contain a variety of organelles, each separated from the rest of the cell by their own membranes. As we discuss each organelle, label it on your diagram. The cell membrane is already labeled, because we are going to talk about that organelle later on. Be sure to label BOTH SIDES of your diagram!

33. Some of their structure comes from the pressure of the central vacuole.
Both plant and animal cells contain a variety of organelles, each separated from the rest of the cell by their own membranes. As we discuss each organelle, label it on your diagram. The cell membrane is already labeled, because we are going to talk about that organelle later on. Be sure to label BOTH SIDES of your diagram!

34. However, the strongest type of plant tissue –wood– is made from cells with thick cell walls.
Both plant and animal cells contain a variety of organelles, each separated from the rest of the cell by their own membranes. As we discuss each organelle, label it on your diagram. The cell membrane is already labeled, because we are going to talk about that organelle later on. Be sure to label BOTH SIDES of your diagram!

35. The cell wall is dotted with pores (holes), so it does not control what enters/leaves the cell. That is the job of the cell membrane.
Both plant and animal cells contain a variety of organelles, each separated from the rest of the cell by their own membranes. As we discuss each organelle, label it on your diagram. The cell membrane is already labeled, because we are going to talk about that organelle later on. Be sure to label BOTH SIDES of your diagram!

36. Animal cells do NOT have a rigid cell wall, allowing animals to move.
Both plant and animal cells contain a variety of organelles, each separated from the rest of the cell by their own membranes. As we discuss each organelle, label it on your diagram. The cell membrane is already labeled, because we are going to talk about that organelle later on. Be sure to label BOTH SIDES of your diagram!