1. Seabirds

2. Characteristics of Birds
Most __________________
__________________– have to eat a lot to maintain __________________
Eat fish, squid, invertebrates, plankton
Waterproof __________________help conserve heat
Oil gland at base of __________________
__________________bones – lighter weight
Eggs have hard shells that are more resistant to __________________than those of reptiles

3. What is a Seabird?
Birds that spend a significant part of life at sea and rely on ocean for __________________
Nest on __________________
Most breed in large __________________
Mate for life and take care of ________________
True seabirds have __________________feet
Examples: Penguins, tubenoses, pelicans, cormorants, frigate birds, gulls
Only 3% of all birds are considered __________________

4. Penguins
Flightless birds with wings modified into “__________________” that allow them to “fly” underwater
Bones are denser to reduce __________________
Spectacular __________________
__________________bodies
Powerful flippers for forward movement
Can jump out of __________________
18 species

5. Penguins on Land On land – __________________and clumsy
__________________due to short legs
Eyes are adapted for __________________vision
Can’t see well on __________________

6. Penguins and Cold Temps
Adapted for cold __________________
Live primarily in the __________________and other cold regions
Exception = __________________penguin
Layer of fat (__________________) for warmth
Dense, __________________feathers trap air – helps maintain __________________

7. Penguin Feeding Larger penguins hunt for fish and __________________
Smaller penguins feed mostly on __________________
Some species __________________seasonally between feeding grounds at sea and __________________ areas on land or ice

8. Emperor Penguin Breeding
Most mate for __________________
__________________incubates a single large egg during the dark Antarctic winter, while the female leaves to __________________as soon as she lays the egg
Male must keep the egg warm by holding it on top of his __________________against his body for __________________
Males __________________together to protect themselves from the cold and the winter __________________

9. Emperor Penguin Breeding
Reproduction is timed so that the eggs hatch during the __________________time of year
Food is most __________________
When egg hatches, female returns to feed the chick (__________________)
Parents take turn feeding the chick
Young are “__________________” if parents need to feed at the same time
Chicks are identified by voice and __________________
Parents feed chick for 5 ½ months, until chick is strong enough to feed by itself at ________________

10. Tubenoses
Distinctive tube-like __________________and heavy beaks that are usually curved at the tips
Have __________________to get rid of excess salts
Skillful fliers – feed by catching fish at __________________
Mate for __________________ – elaborate courtship
Nest on remote islands and cliffs
Protection from __________________
One chick is born at a time and is taken care of for approx. __________________
Includes albatross, shearwater, and petrels

11. Albatross
Some species of albatross can have a wingspan up to 11 feet, the longest of any bird.

12. Shearwaters

13. Petrels

14. Pelicans and Related Birds
__________________ between all 4 toes
__________________ eaters
Widely distributed
Nest in large __________________ along coast
Build __________________ from twigs and anything else they can find

15. Pelicans Have a unique __________________ below their large beaks
Some feed by plunging into the water and catching __________________ in the pouch

16. Cormorants
Black, long-necked seabirds that dive and __________________ their prey
Fly low over water
Float low in the water – only neck and head stay above __________________

17. Frigate Birds __________________ wings Long, forked tail
Soar along the coast
Force other seabirds to __________________ fish in midair or catch prey from surface
Seldom enter water – feathers are not __________________

18. Gulls and Relatives Largest variety of __________________
Common and widespread
Typically congregate near humans – eat leftovers/trash
Predators and __________________– eat anything
Jaegers and skuas
Predators that steal ______________from other birds
Nest near penguin and other seabird breeding grounds – eat __________________ and __________________

19. Sea Gulls

20. Skuas
Jaegers

21. Gulls and Relatives Terns
Graceful __________________ that hover over prey before plunging into the water to catch it
Slender beaks – specialized to catch small fish, which are swallowed __________________

22. Gulls and Relatives __________________– have beaks similar to parrots
__________________– use wings to swim like penguins

23. Shorebirds
Species of __________________ birds that do not have __________________ feet
Not really considered seabirds because they don’t __________________
Feed on __________________ organisms
Some live inland, some in __________________ and marshes, others lives at __________________
Includes plovers, sandpipers, rails, coots, herons, egrets, and ducks

24. Sandpipers
Plover
Rails
Coots

25. Herons
Egrets