2. The First Cities…
Chinese civilization is credited with beginning along the Yellow River Valley anywhere from 5,000-3,000 BC
Ancient China has
several cities that
were capitals of early
Chinese civilizations:
Yan’an
Luoyang
Xi’an
Beijing
Anyang
Kaifeng
Nanjing
Hangzhou
Yan’an
Luoyang
Xian
Beijing
Anyang
Kaifeng
Nanjing
Hangzhou

3. Luoyang, China Built 4,000 years ago
Believed to be the oldest city in China
Oldest continuously inhabited city in Asia
Chinese starting point of the Silk Road
Lou yawng
Named for being on the sunny “yang” side of Luo River
Capital for 9 different dynasties
BC/
Photo taken on May 12, 2010 shows the front room of the tomb of Cao Xiu, a noted general from the Three Kingdoms period ( A.D.) in Mangshan of Luoyang City, central China's Henan Province. Archeologists of Henan provincial cultural heritage bureau confirmed that they have founded the tomb of Cao Xiu during the tomb excavation in Mengjin County of Luoyang City at a press conference on Monday. (Xinhua/Zhang Xiaoli)
Photo taken on May 14, 2010 shows an unearthed bronze seal with Cao Xiu's name found at the tomb of Cao Xiu, a noted general from the Three Kingdoms period ( A.D.) in Mangshan of Luoyang City, central China's Henan Province. Archeologists of Henan provincial cultural heritage bureau confirmed that they have founded the tomb of Cao Xiu during the tomb excavation in Mengjin County of Luoyang City at a press conference on Monday. (Xinhua/Zhang Xiaoli)
A staff member sprays water to maintain the humidity of an ancient horse and chariot pit unearthed in Luoyang City, central China's Henan Province, Sept. 1, A team of archaeologists Thursday completed the excavation of four horse and chariot pits of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 BC-256 BC) in Luoyang. (Xinhua/Zhang Xiaoli)

4. Xi’an, China One of the oldest cities in China
Believed to be 3,100 years old
She an
Capital for the Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang
Wall of Xian 194 BCE
The first landmark visitors will encounter in Xian is the ancient City Wall, which stretches round the old city. It is also one of the most famous attractions in Xian. Today, this wall represents one of the oldest and best preserved Chinese city walls, as well being one of the largest ancient military defensive systems in the world.  History and Construction of Xian City Wall The first city wall of Changan was begun in 194 BC. The existing wall was started during the Ming Dynasty in While built the wall, the south and west walls were constructed on the base of the wall of Tang Dynasty. The whole construction lasted 8 years from 1370 to Later in 1568, in the top and outside of the wall were covered with black bricks. During the later of Ming Dynasty, in 1644, the governor of Shaanxi, Sun Chuangting, built barbicans at the four gates for guarding against the attack of Li Zhicheng. In 1643, Li Zhicheng Conquered Xian, proclaimed himself emperor, and titled his reigning dynasty as Da Shun. Basically following the Ming system, Qing Government renovated the city wall for 12 times.  The Structure of Xian City Wall Xian City Wall was built on base of the Palace of Tang Dynasty. The existing wall was started during the Ming Dynasty in 1370; it is massive, measuring 13.7 km in circumference, 12 m in height, and 15–18 m in thickness at the base.  There is a enemy tower every 120 meters standing out of the wall, as high as the city wall, which is used for shooting enemies. There are 98 enemy towers around the city wall. Out of the wall, there is a city moat, which is 20 m wide and 10 m deep, forming a complete defense system with the city wall. Xian Ancient City has four gates at south, north, east and west, the four directions: Changle Gate, Anding Gate, Yongning Gate and Anyuan Gate. Outside each gate, there is a barbican. Each gate has 3 buildings: the gate, the embrasured watchtower and the inner building. The inner building is 7-room wide, and 2-room deep, 36 m high, while the embrasured watchtower is 11-room wide, 2-room deep, with a height of 33.4 m. The embrasured watchtower has 4 layers of windows, and each window has 12 holes.  
mausoleum began in 246 BCE soon after Emperor Qin (then aged 13) ascended the throne. The project eventually involved 700,000 workers.[9] Geographer Li Daoyuan, writing six centuries after the First Emperor's death, recorded in Shui Jing Zhu that Mount Li was a favoured location due to its auspicious geology, "famed for its jade mines, its northern side was rich in gold, and its southern side rich in beautiful jade; the First Emperor, covetous of its fine reputation, therefore chose to be buried there".[10][11] Sima Qian, in his most noted work, Shiji, finished a century after the mausoleum's completion, wrote that the First Emperor was buried with palaces, towers, officials, valuable artifacts and wondrous objects. According to this account, 100 rivers had their flow simulated by mercury, and above them the ceiling was decorated with heavenly bodies below which were the features of the land. Some translations of this passage refer to "models" or "imitations," however those words were not used in the original text, which makes no mention of the terracotta army.[9][12]
The mound where the tomb is located
High levels of mercury were found in the soil of the tomb mound, giving credence to Sima Qian's account.[13]
Later historical accounts suggested that the tomb had been looted by Xiang Yu, a contender for the throne after the death of the first emperor,[14][15][16] however, there are indications that the tomb may not have been plundered.[17]
Four main pits approximately 7 metres (23 ft) deep have been excavated.[28][29] These are located approximately 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) east of the burial mound. The soldiers within were laid out as if to protect the tomb from the east, where all the Qin Emperor's conquered states lay.
Pit one
Pit one, which is 230 metres (750 ft) long and 62 metres (203 ft) wide,[30] contains the main army of more than 6,000 figures.[31] Pit one has 11 corridors, most of which are more than 3 metres (9.8 ft) wide and paved with small bricks with a wooden ceiling supported by large beams and posts. This design was also used for the tombs of nobles and would have resembled palace hallways when built. The wooden ceilings were covered with reed mats and layers of clay for waterproofing, and then mounded with more soil raising them about 2 to 3 metres (6 ft 7 in to 9 ft 10 in) above the surrounding ground level when completed.[32]
Others
Pit two has cavalry and infantry units as well as war chariots and is thought to represent a military guard. Pit three is the command post, with high-ranking officers and a war chariot. Pit four is empty, perhaps left unfinished by its builders.
Some of the figures in pit one and two show fire damage, while remains of burnt ceiling rafters have also been found.[33][34] These, together with the missing weapons, have been taken as evidence of the reported looting by Xiang Yu and the subsequent burning of the site, which is thought to have caused the roof to collapse and crush the army figures below. The terracotta figures currently on display have been restored from the fragments.
Other pits that formed the necropolis also have been excavated.[35] These pits lie within and outside the walls surrounding the tomb mound. They variously contain bronze carriages, terracotta figures of entertainers such as acrobats and strongmen, officials, stone armour suits, burials sites of horses, rare animals and labourers, as well as bronze cranes and ducks set in an underground park.[

5. As for Ancient India, civilizations began developing in the Indus Valley from 3000BC-1500BC

6. Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro are the most notable, ancient cities of India
City blocks
35,000 people
3 story buildings
Mud bricks
Public wells
Drainage under streets to pits