1. Verbals: Gerunds
Chapter 3
Lesson 4

2. A. Identifying Gerunds and Gerund Phrases
1. Skiing is an extremely popular sport in many countries.
2. The sport consists of gliding over snow on runners called skis.

3. 3. Speeding down mountain slopes thrills many skiers.
4. Cross-country style identifies hiking on skis over snow-covered ground.

4. 5. Norwegian immigrants introduced skiing into the United States in the mid-1800s.
6. Many fans enjoy watching ski competitions.

5. 7. Almost every ski area in the United States has machines for making snow.
8. Ski areas also have ski lifts, devices for transporting skiers to the tops of slopes.

6. B. Identifying Gerunds and Gerund Phrases
1. Playing paddle tennis is a new sport for me.
1. Playing paddle tennis is a new sport for me. Sub ject
2. A doubles game, paddle tennis requires practicing.
2. A doubles game, paddle tennis requires practicing. Direct Object

7. 3. Playing with perforated wooden rackets is a strange sensation.
3. Playing with perforated wooden rackets is a strange sensation. Subject
4. My tennis strategy of hitting the ball hard did not work in this game.
4. My tennis strategy of hitting the ball hard did not work in this game. OP
5. After retrieving the soft rubber ball, I had to learn to lob it.
5. After retrieving the soft rubber ball, I had to learn to lob it. OP

8. 6. Now our winter enjoyment is playing paddle tennis.
6. Now our winter enjoyment is playing paddle tennis. Predicate nominative
7. First, of course, we must complete shoveling the snow off the court.
7. First, of course, we must complete shoveling the snow off the court. DO
8. If the ball goes over the fence, our dog finds it by sniffing it out.
8. If the ball goes over the fence, our dog finds it by sniffing it out. OP

9. 9. One problem in winter is getting enough exercise.
9. One problem in winter is getting enough exercise. PN
10. Athletes can stay in shape by playing paddle tennis.
10. Athletes can stay in shape by playing paddle tennis. OP

10. A. Identifying Gerunds and Gerund Phrases
1. Many people enjoy playing on sports teams.
1. Many people enjoy playing on sports teams. DO
2. Others prefer participating in sports individually.
2. Others prefer participating in sports individually. DO

11. 3. Skateboarding is an individual sport that began in California in the early 1960s.
3. Skateboarding is an individual sport that began in California in the early 1960s. S
4. This activity requires balancing skillfully on a short board on wheels.
4. This activity requires balancing skillfully on a short board on wheels. DO
5. One of the oldest sports in the United States is surfing, a skill from Hawaii.
5. One of the oldest sports in the United States is surfing, a skill from Hawaii. PN

12. 6. Many adventurers are attracted to the challenge of scaling difficult slopes.
6. Many adventurers are attracted to the challenge of scaling difficult slopes. OP
7. Swimming laps is a popular form of recreation and is great exercise.
7. Swimming laps is a popular form of recreation and is great exercise. S
8. Another sport swimmers may enjoy is diving from high boards.
8. Another sport swimmers may enjoy is diving from high boards. PN

13. 9. Fencing was one of the original sports to be included in the modern Olympics.
9. Fencing was one of the original sports to be included in the modern Olympics. S
10. Before participating in a race, runners should train thoroughly.
10. Before participating in a race, runners should train thoroughly. OP

14. B. Using Gerunds and Gerund Phrases
1. His goal became an obsession. He wanted to run a four-minute mile.
His goal of running a four-minute mile became an obsession.

15. 2. Frank liked many activities in shop class
2. Frank liked many activities in shop class. He especially liked to work with the jigsaw.
Frank liked many activities in shop class, especially working with the jigsaw.

16. 3. Nancy received recognition from her fellow designers
3. Nancy received recognition from her fellow designers. The experience gave her
more confidence.
Receiving recognition from her fellow designers gave Nancy more confidence.

17. 4. He wore green every St. Patrick’s Day
4. He wore green every St. Patrick’s Day. Doing so reminded him of his Irish heritage.
Wearing green every St. Patrick’s Day reminded him of his Irish Heritage.

18. 5. Can you hear the waves? They are pounding on the rocks.
Can you hear the pounding of the waves on the rocks?