2. MUNSA!
Eduardo, what do you think?

4. Fill my boards!

5. Jihad walking!

6. Iranian History until the 1979 Revolution

7. Iranian Historic Political Culture
Historic mixture of political and religious authority (with some exceptions)
Shiism vs Sunni (90% Shia)
Sharia Law
Imam—Religious leaders in Shiism
Escaped from colonialism, but still didn’t industrialize early (why not?)

8. Iranian Political Influences
Late discovery of oil (first well in 1908)
Geographic Limitations—Arid, mountainous
Most of the population lives in most arable northwest
Persian, not Arab
Different language
Leads to nationalism
Iranian 1st, Muslim 2nd

10. The Pahlavi Shahs (1925-1979) Came into power by coup d’etat
Chaos and weak majiles before them
Authoritarian
Muhammed Reza Shah takes over in 1941
Communist PM Mosadeq in 1953, forced shah to leave the country
U.S. supported dictatorial shah (Cold War), had him reinstated

11. Economics under the Shah
Iran became a rentier state—Govt. receives rent by leasing land to foreign companies
Makes so much money, they don’t have to collect taxes
“Govt. doesn’t need the people any more.”
Shah enacted “import substitution industrialization”
High tariffs on imports
Didn’t work, oil became 97% of Iran’s GNP

12. The White Revolution—1960’s
Counter “red” reforms
Land reform—Sell small farms, but encourage them to use modern technology
Extreme secularization
Voting rights for women
Women allowed to work, even in the military

13. Problems with the White Revolution
Too totalitarian
Too secular
Upset balance between theocracy vs. secularization
Too tied to the West (offended nationalism and clergy)

14. More problems
Pahlavi Foundation—Organization that controlled major companies. Profits went straight to the shah
Patronage—Gave people positions in Pahlavi Foundation based on support
Drop in oil prices leads to strikes and protests

15. The Revolution of 1979
Students start protesting in huge numbers against the shah, then others
People wanted a return to Islamic Fundamentalism—Strict Islamic law
Ayatollah Khomeini

16. Scribe and Messenger!

18. Review!
Of all the historical and political influences in Iranian history, which do you think has had the greatest influence on modern day Iran?
Why did the United States support the authoritarian rule of the Pahlavi shahs?
How did the White Revolution upset the balance in Iranian society?
What is patronage, and how did the shah’s patronage system further upset Iranians?
What do you think was the most important factor that led to the Ayatollah’s rise to power in Iran?

19. Charades! Iran China Houku Nomenklatura Standing Committee Guanxi
Patronage
Shia Islam
Rentier State
Patronage System
Import Substitution
Sharia Law
White Revolution
Ayatollah Khomenei
Secularization
Pahlavi Shah
Imperialism
Houku
Nomenklatura
Standing Committee
Guanxi
Special Economic Zones
Tibetans
Uighurs
Tiananmen Square Massacre