1. UNIT 7 Chapter 24 – WWII: The Road to War Chapter 25 – WWII: The Americans at War
WORLD WAR II

2. Section 1: Mobilization
America: Pathways to the Present
Chapter 25: World War II: Americans at War (1941–1945)
Section 1: Mobilization
Section 2: Retaking Europe
Section 3: The Holocaust
Section 4: The War in the Pacific

3. Presidents of the United States
George Washington; Federalist (1788)
John Adams; Federalist (1796)
Thomas Jefferson (1800)
James Madison (1808)
James Monroe (1816)
John Quincy Adams (1824)
Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828)
Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836)
William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840)
John Tyler; Whig (1841)
James K. Polk; Democrat (1844)
Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848)
Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850)
Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852)
James Buchanan; Democrat (1856)
Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860)
Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865)
Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868)
Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876)
James Garfield; Republican (1880)
#21 - …
Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881)
Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884)
Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888)
Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)
William McKinley; Republican (1896)
Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901)
William Howard Taft; Republican (1908)
Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912)
Warren G. Harding; Republican (1920)
Calvin Coolidge; Republican (1923)
Herbert Hoover; Republican (1928)
Franklin D. Roosevelt; Democrat (1932)

4. OBJECTIVES
CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the causes & consequences of World War II and the impact the war had on American society.
Objective 7.4: How did the Roosevelt mobilize troops and prepare the economy for war?
Objective 7.7: How did the war change social conditions for women and minorities?

5. CHAPTER 25 SECTION 1 MOBILIZATION
The United States quickly mobilized millions of Americans to fight the Axis powers. The government organized the economy to supply the military

6. MOBILIZING
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President Roosevelt realized that he had to strengthen the armed forces.
Congress authorized the first peacetime draft in the nation’s history.
The Selective Training and Service Act required all males aged 21 to 36 to register for military service.
More than 16 million Americans served as soldiers, sailors, and aviators in the war.
American soldiers called themselves GI’s: “Government Issue.”

7. MILITARY DIVERSITY
Nearly 1 million African Americans join the military
serve in segregated units
Serve combat roles for first time
Tuskegee Airmen became the first African American flying unit
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Native Americans served a vital role.
A group of Navajos known as the “code talkers” developed a secret code based on their language that the enemy could not break.
This code proved valuable in several key battles of the war.

8. WORKING WOMEN
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About 350,000 American women volunteered for military service by the war’s end, working in all areas except for combat
Rosie the Riveter: (1942 fictional character from a song) became the popular name for all women who worked in war-production jobs.
Many women found that employment outside the home made a big difference in their lives, giving them self-confidence as well as economic independence.
In spite of the benefits of working, women faced discrimination in the workplace.
They often encountered hostile reactions from other workers, they received less pay for the same work

9. Japanese Americans
Japanese Americans suffered official discrimination during the war.
Hostility toward Japanese Americans grew into hatred after Pearl Harbor.
In 1942, the War Relocation Authority removed all people of Japanese ancestry from the West Coast.
They were to be interned, or confined, in camps in remote areas
Many Japanese Americans lost their homes, possessions, and businesses
Some were uncomfortable with similarities between the internment camps and the German concentration camps.
In 1988, Congress awarded $20,000 to each surviving Japanese American internee, and issued an official apology.
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10. GOVT. AGENCIES
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As the war continued, the government established dozens of agencies to deal with war production, labor questions, and scarce resources.
The President appointed James F. Byrnes to head the Office of War Mobilization.
Created to centralize agencies dealing with war production
As the production of consumer goods stopped, factories converted to war production.
Ford Motor Company built B-24 bombers with the same assembly-line techniques used to manufacture cars.
The Office of Price Administration (OPA) was established to control inflation by limiting prices.
They oversaw rationing, or the fair distribution of scarce items, during the war.

11. WRITE THIS DOWN!
LIBERTY SHIPS
One of America’s greatest contributions to the Allies is its production efforts
Henry J. Kaiser introduced mass-production techniques into ship building
cut the time needed to build one type of ship from 200 days to 40 days.
These Kaiser ships were called Liberty ships, which were large merchant ships that carried supplies or troops.

12. PAYING FOR WAR Government Spending
War production ended the unemployment of the 1930s.
Average weekly wages rose significantly.
The United States government vowed to spend whatever was necessary to sustain the war effort.
Federal spending increased from $8.9 billion in 1939 to $95.2 billion in 1945
Financing the War
Higher taxes paid for about 41 percent of the war.
The government borrowed the rest.
Deficit spending pulled the United States out of the Depression.
It also boosted the national dept from $43 billion in 1940 to $259 billion in 1945.
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13. PROPAGANDA
The Office of War Information created posters and ads that stirred patriotism.
Donald “Nazi” Duck:
The Thrifty Pig:
Victory Gardens were home gardens planted to add to the food supply and replace produce sent to soldiers.
By 1943, victory gardens produced about one third of the country’s fresh vegetables.
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14. What needs to be avenged?
What is “Careless Talk”?

15. MORALE AND REVIEW The Andrews Sisters CRASH COURSE – The Homefront
Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy from Company B
CRASH COURSE – The Homefront
With a partner complete the provided worksheet!
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