1. MHS 5340 Foundations of Career Development
Use of Theory in Designing and Delivering Career Services
James P. Sampson, Jr.
Florida State University

2. Benefits of Theory for Counselors
Explain causal factors in behavior and guide needs assessment and diagnosis
Plan interventions and treatment plans as well as homework assignments
Foundation for developing assessments and information / instructional resources
Evaluate counseling outcomes

3. Benefits of Theory for Clients
Better understand the nature of their problems
Better understand the value and use of counseling interventions and homework assignments
Better understand their assessment results and information / instructional resources
Evaluate success in changing behaviors

4. Career Theory Emphasis in this course
CIP Theory (Peterson, Sampson, Reardon, & Lenz)
John Holland
Donald Super
John Krumboltz

5. Other Useful Career Theory
Work-Adjustment (Lofquist & Dawis)
Social-Cognitive (Lent, Brown & Hackett)
Circumscription and Compromise (Linda Gotfredson)
Constructivist
Contextual (Young, Valach, & Collin)
SocioDynamic (Peavy)
Values (Brown)
Sociological (Borow)
Career Decision Making (Gati)
DOTS Model (Watts & Law )

6. CIP Theory Refer to CIP Approach presentations

7. John Holland
RIASEC Typology of interests (also includes values and abilities)
Secondary constructs
Application of the theory

8. RIASEC Typology
Classification of individuals and environments by personality - Hexagon
Realistic
Investigative
Artistic
Social
Enterprising
Conventional

9. Secondary Constructs Congruence
Coherence of aspirations or work history
Vocational identity
Consistency
Differentiation
Commonness

10. Application of the Theory
Self-help resources
Self-Directed Search and Occupations Finder
High school students and adults (Form R), Middle school students (Career Explorer), Employed adults (Form CP), Low reading adults (Form E)
Paper and Pencil, Mail-in scoring, Computer, and Internet versions available for Form R
Educational Opportunities Finder, Leisure Activities Finder also available
You and Your Career

11. Application of the Theory
Counselor-mediated resources
My Vocational Situation
Position Classification Inventory
Career Attitudes and Strategies Inventory
Dictionary of Holland Occupational Codes
Vocational Preference Inventory
Vocational Exploration and Insight Kit (VEIK)
Schema for organizing occupations, programs of study, positions, leisure activities

12. Donald Super Developmental process Readiness for decision making
Life-Career Rainbow
Application of the theory

13. Developmental Process
Longitudinal, developmental approach instead of a single choice, matching approach
Implementation of self-concept

14. Life Stages and Substages
Growth
Fantasy
Interest
Capacity
Exploration
Tentative
Transition
Trail-Little Commitment

15. Life Stages and Substages
Establishment
Trial-Commitment and Stabilization
Advancement
Maintenance
Decline
Deceleration
Retirement

16. Readiness for Decision Making
Career maturity (adolescents)
Career adaptability (adults)
Work salience

17. Life-Career Rainbow Major life-career roles Child (son / daughter
Student
Worker
Spouse
Parent
Homemaker
Citizen
Leisurite
Annuitant (pensioner / retiree)

18. Life-Career Rainbow Roles change Specific beginnings and endings
Changes in relative importance

19. Application of the Theory
Creation of standards and the comprehensive design of career programs
Assessment of career maturity, values, work salience, adult career concerns
Renegotiation of life roles

20. John Krumboltz Influences on career decision making
Consequences in decision making
Career beliefs
Application of the theory

21. Influences Genetic endowment and special abilities
Environmental conditions and events
Learning experiences
Associative (classical conditioning)
Instrumental (operant conditioning)

22. Consequences Self-observation generalizations
World-view generalizations
Task –approach skills
Actions

23. Consequences Self-observation generalizations
Overt or covert self statements evaluating one’s own actual or vicarious performance in relation to learned standards
World-view generalizations
Observations about the environment used to predict what will occur in the future and other environment

24. Consequences Task-approach skills Value clarifying Goal setting
Predicting future events
Generating alternatives
Information seeking
Estimating
Re-interpreting past events
Eliminating and selecting alternatives
Planning
Generalizing

25. Consequences
Actions – Entry behaviors that represent overt steps in career progression, e.g.
Selecting a program of study
Applying for a job

26. Career Beliefs
Problematic self-observation and world-view generalizations
Faulty generalizations
Self-comparisons with a single standard
Exaggerated estimate of the emotional impact of an outcome
False casual relationships
Ignorance of relevant facts
Undue weight to low-probability events

27. Challenging Problematic Beliefs
Challenging the validity of key beliefs
How do you know this is true?
What steps could you take to find out if it is true?
What evidence would convince you that the opposite is true?

28. Application of the Theory
Detailed explanation of causal factors in career development
Readiness assessment – the Career Beliefs Inventory
Modeling and reinforcement in occupational exploration
Simulated work environments for career exploration

29. For Additional Information
Thank You