1. Unit 13 AP Therapy and Change

2. Psychological Therapies

3. Psychotherapy
An interaction between a trained therapist and someone suffering from psychological difficulties.

4. Eclectic Approach
The most popular form of therapy- it is basically a smorgasbord where the therapist combines techniques from different schools of psychology.

5. Psychoanalysis
Psychodynamic therapist try to understand a patients current symptoms by focusing on themes across important relationships, including childhood experiences and the therapist relationship.

6. Psychoanalysis Freud's therapy.
Freud used free association, hypnosis and dream interpretation to gain insight into the client’s unconscious.

7. Psychoanalytic Techniques
Free Association
Client reports immediately without censoring any feelings or thoughts
Interpretation
Therapist points out, explains, and teaches the meanings of whatever is revealed
Dream Analysis
Therapist uses the “royal road to the unconscious” to bring unconscious material to light

8. Psychoanalytic Methods
Psychotherapists use their techniques to overcome resistance by the client.
The psychoanalyst wants you to become aware of the resistance and together interpret (ex. Latent content) it’s underlying meaning.

9. Transference
In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships.
Active Listening: echoing, restating, and seeking clarification of what the person expresses.

10. Humanistic Basic themes of Humanistic therapy:
Focuses of people’s potential for self-fulfillment (self-actualization).
Basic themes of Humanistic therapy:
*The present and future more than the past.
*Consciousness rather than unconscious thoughts.
*Promoting growth instead of curing illness
Those in therapy become “clients” rather than patients.

11. Client (Person) Centered Therapy
Most widely used Humanistic technique is:
Client (Person) Centered Therapy
Developed by Carl Rogers
Therapist should use genuineness, acceptance and empathy to show unconditional positive regard towards their clients. Ask me to click on an example.

12. Active Listening Central to Roger’s client-centered therapy
Empathetic listening where the listener echoes, restates and clarifies.
Paraphrase. Instead of saying “I know how you feel” summarize the speakers words in your own words.
Invite Clarification: “ What might be an example of that?”
Reflect feelings: “it sounds frustrating”

13. Behavioral Therapies
Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.
Show me Autism therapy ABA
Autism Movement Therapy Joanne Lara ABC 7 News
The behaviors are the problems- so we must change the behaviors.

14. Classical Conditioning Techniques
Counterconditioning:
A behavioral therapy that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors.
Two Types:

15. Systematic Desensitization
A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli.
How would I use systematic desensitization to reduce my fear of old women?

16. Systematic Desensitization
Progressive Relaxation
Exposure Therapy
Flooding

17. Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy Like you are an avatar
CNN Virtual Reality Battles PTSD

18. Aversive Conditioning
A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior.
How would putting poop on the fingernails of a nail biter effect their behavior?

19. Aversive Conditioning

20. Aversive Conditioning
What are some ways you can change the behaviors of your friends with aversive conditioning?

21. Operant Conditioning
Token Economy: an operant conditioning procedure that rewards a desired behavior.
A patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned for exhibiting the desired behavior, for various privileges or treats.

22. Cognitive

23. Cognitive Therapy

24. Cognitive Therapies
A therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumptions that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.

25. Cognitive Therapy
Cognitive Therapists try to teach people new, more constructive ways of thinking.
Is .300 a good or bad batting average?

26. Cognitive Therapy Albert Ellis REBT Therapy
Irrational Ideas

27. REBT Therapy
Ask me to go over REBT therapy.

28. Irrational Ideas Irrational ideas lead to self-defeating behavior
Some examples:
“I must have love or approval from all the significant people in my life.”
“I must perform important tasks competently and perfectly.”
“If I don’t get what I want, it’s terrible, and I can’t stand it.”

29. Biological Approach

30. Group Therapies

31. Electroconvulsive therapy
Shock treatment for severe depression. Produces seizures. It is like restarting your computer, which solves many a problem even if you don’t know why.
Electroconvulsive Therapy

32. Therapy

33. How many therapists does it take to change a light bulb?
Just one, but the light bulb has to want to be changed.

34. Things you need to Remember:
The most important instrument you have is YOU
Your living example, of who you are and how you struggle to live up to your potential, is powerful
Be authentic
The stereotyped, professional role can be shed
If you hide behind your role the client will also hide
Be a therapeutic person and be clear about who you are
Be willing to grow, to risk, to care, and to be involved

35. http://www. cartoonstock

36. Characteristics of a Good Therapist
Have an identity
Respect & appreciate themselves
Able to recognize & accept own power
Open to change
Make choices which affect their lives
Feel alive & make life-oriented choices
Authentic, sincere & honest
Have a sense of humor
Make mistakes & admit them
Live in the present
Appreciate the influence of culture
Sincere interest in welfare of others
Involved in & derive meaning from work
Maintain healthy boundaries

37. Ethics The principles that underlie our professional codes
Benefit others, do no harm, respect other’s autonomy, be just, fair and faithful
The role of ethical codes
They: educate us about responsibilities, are a basis for accountability, protect clients, are a basis for improving professional practice
Making ethical decisions
Identify the problem, review relevant codes, seek consultation, brainstorm, list consequences and decide

38. Ethics
Clients need enough information about the counseling process to be able to make informed choices
Educate clients about their rights and responsibilities
Confidentiality is essential but not absolute
Exceptions:
The client poses a danger to others or self
A client under the age of 16 is the victim of abuse
The client needs to be hospitalized
The information is made an issue in a court action
The client requests a release of record

39. Multicultural Issues Biases are reflected when we:
Neglect social and community factors to focus unduly on individualism
Assess clients with instruments that have not been normed on the population they represent
Judge as psychopathological ~ behaviors, beliefs, or experiences that are normal for the client’s culture

40. DUAL relationships Some helpful questions:
Will my dual relationship keep me from confronting and challenging the client?
Will my needs for the relationship become more important than therapeutic activities?
Can my client manage the dual relationship?
Whose needs are being met -- my client’s or my own?
Can I recognize and manage professionally my attraction to my client?

41. 1st Interview 15%: Chief Complain and free speech
30%: Pursue specific diagnoses; ask about suicide, history of violence, and substance abuse
15%: Medical History, review of systems, family history
25%: Personal and social history, evaluate character pathology
10%: Mental Status Evaluation
5%: Discuss diagnosis and treatment with patient; plan next meeting