1. Cardiovascular: Heart

2. GENERAL FUNCTIONS A. The primary function is circulation.
B. Critical transportation needs

3. LAYERS OF THE HEART
Epicardium -- outermost layer—visceral layer of serous membrane
Myocardium-- middle, muscular wall of the heart--
Endocardium--inner layer. Contains epithelial tissue and is smooth.

4. Pathway of Blood Through the Heart

5. Pathway of Blood Through the Heart

6. Chambers of the Heart Receiving chambers: Atria
Pumping chambers: Ventricles

7. Valves of the Heart Atrioventricular: tricuspid, bicuspid
Semilunar: pulmonary, aortic

8. Papillary muscles and Chordae tendonae
Papillary Muscles: anchor tendons
Chordae tendonae: anchor flaps of valves
Prevent back flow of blood

9. Locate apex of heart

10. Conduction system of the Heart
SA--sinoatrial node: pacemaker
AV--atrioventricular node: secondary pacemaker
Bundle of His: conduction fibers
R and L bundle branches
Purkinje fibers: through both ventricles

11. ELECTROCARIOGRAM

12. THE CARDIAC CYCLE
Contraction (Systole) and relaxation(Diastole) of the heart.

13. BLOOD PRESSURE
Force exerted on the arterial walls with each heartbeat.
Measured with a sphygmomanometer.

14. The volume of blood pumped with each heartbeat. (Ave 70 ml)
STROKE VOLUME
The volume of blood pumped with each heartbeat. (Ave 70 ml)

15. HEART RATE
Heart rate (HR) is the number of heart beats in one minute.

16. CARDIAC OUTPUT SV (stroke volume) X HR (heart rate) = CO
Ave SV – 70 X Ave HR – 80 = 5600 mL

17. FACTORS THAT AFFECT CARDIAC OUTPUT