2. Popular Recreation
Local
Unwritten rules / simple
Cruel / violent
Irregular / occasional
Courtly / popular
Rural / ritual
Occupational
Wagering

3. Social changes – that helped the development of rational recreation
Pre-industrial
Seasonal Time
Limited Transport
Illiteracy
Harsh Rural Lifestyle
Two class society
Agricultural
Uncivilized
Lack of technology
Post-industrial
Machine Time
Improved transport
Business/Admin Skills
More civilized
Emergence of Middle Class
Industrial
Increased law and order
Technological advancement

4. Boarding
Expanding
Boys
Non-
local
Gentry
Spartan
Fee paying
Trustees

5. Stage 1 – Bullying and Brutality
Sport was recreation not educative
Boarding gave boys free time together and they played the games they learnt at home
They were run by the boys, for the boys
Headmasters tried to stop violent activities
Some activities were off site with no control over activities
Used the games to let off steam, no referees, popular versions of the games
Gave boys leadership & decision making opportunities

6. Stage 2 – Influences of Dr Arnold
1828 Dr Thomas Arnold - Head of Rugby school
Areas of reform
Discipline and expulsion of boys
House system increased regular organised play & loyalty to house
Importance of leadership, process of social control
More staff control
Activities to stay on school site

7. Stage 2 – Influences of Dr Arnold
1828 Dr Thomas Arnold - Head of Rugby school
Areas of reform
Discipline and expulsion of boys
House system increased regular organised play & loyalty to house
Importance of leadership, process of social control
More staff control
Activities to stay on school site

8. Spread of games in Society
Old boys from public school from all over the country took codes with them that had to be rationalised. This process changed the face of sport. As graduates took the unified codes back into schools the standards improved. Games spread to the world at large. Estates managers encouraged estate and village games.
Graduates careers (Old boys)
Teachers – coached and played
Officers - Army – spread the games to the ranks
Politicians – improved facilities in Government
Vicars - Church – established parish teams
Industry/workers – improved sporting opportunities for workers
Colonial – spread the games across the British Empire