1. Unit 1 Review

2. Starts @ Neolithic Revolution Out of Africa
Period BCE-600BCE
Neolithic Revolution
Out of Africa
All people come from AFR
Bering Strait

3. Civilization (farming) leads to disease, gender inequality, social inequality
8000 BCE – Neolithic Revolution/Agricultural Revolution
First crops = wheat/barley in Middle East
Then rice/China, yams/AFR, maize/AME
Farming brings surplus of food

4. Domesticated animals start in Middle East Only Llamas in AME
sheep, goats, cows, pigs
Only Llamas in AME
Columbia Exchange?
Most civs develop independently
Especially AME
Ag settlements (not civs)
Jericho 8000 BCE (Israel)
Chatel Huyuk 7000 BCE (Turkey)

5. What is a civ?
Food surplus
Job specialization
Writing
Art
Trade
Stratification
Military
New Tech

6. Metals during this time are very important First Bronze (copper + tin)
3000 BCE
First Iron
1300 BCE

7. Environment altered by humans
Themes
Environment altered by humans
Irrigation
Indus, Nile, Yellow all flood
Developments from cultural interaction
Trade among empires
As civilization progresses, woman’s status declines
Hunters/gatherers egalitarian

8. Travelers = causing trouble, less stability Sumer
River Valley Civs:
Mesopotamia
Flooding = angry gods
Travelers = causing trouble, less stability
Sumer
Cuneiform = earliest known writing
Epic of Gilgamesh
Flood found in other stories

9. Sumerian Advancements Wheel, calendar, 60 base number system
Govs less centralized
City states
Sumerian Advancements
Wheel, calendar, 60 base number system

10. Babylonians take over Sumer Code of Hammurabi
Diff rules for diff classes
Super strict
Gender inequality

11. Mesopotamia highlights:
Polytheistic
Not centralized gov
Hammurabi’s Code
Cuneiform
Wheel
Gilgamesh

12. Hittites bring iron to Mesopotamia
Diffusion – getting something from another culture

13. Major Mesopotamian cultures:
Sumer
Acadians
Babylon
Hittites
Assyrians
Persians

14. Nile predictable flooding 3 kingdoms – old, middle, new
Egypt
Nile predictable flooding
Less angry gods?
3 kingdoms – old, middle, new
Pyramids in old
Interact w/ Nubians in middle
More militaristic in new

15. Pharaoh is middle
More centralized than Meso
Pyramids show stratification
Hieroglyphics (probably borrowed from Meso)
Papyrus = paper

16. Compare Zigs, Pyrs, AME pyrs

17. Compare Cuneiform, Hieroglyphics, Mayan Glyphs

18. Hatshepsut – woman ruler
Then Egypt has more status for women than other civs
Diffusion of bronze into Egypt from Hyksos

19. Egyptian Highlights:
Polytheistic
Social Stratification
Centralized (more than Mesopotamia)
Higher status for women
Pyramids
Hieroglyphics

20. Indus (Pakistan) (N. India) Indoor plumbing, peaceful
Cities: Mohenjo Daro, Harappa
Indoor plumbing, peaceful
Social stratification
Proof of long distance trade
Indus seals found in Mesopotamia/China
Aryans take over end Indus Civ
Start Hinduism/Caste System

21. China (Shang Dynasty) first Oracle bones
Scratch questions, fire, get answers from ancestors
Zhou (Joe) – Longest dynasty
Create mandate of heaven
God gives emperor right to rule if he is good
Maybe justification to overthrow Shang?

22. Exceptions to river valley rule
Americas
Olmec in Central America
Chavin in Peru

23. Bantu migrations (2000BCE)
Important groups
Indo-Europeans
Rode horses
Spread from C. Asia
Aryans/Huns
Bantu migrations (2000BCE)
Sub Sahara
Spread their language, farming and iron
Hebrews (first monotheists)
Phoenicians
Phonetics (becomes modern alphabet)

24. Animism – “animating” giving objects spirits Hinduism Judaism
Religion in U1:
Animism – “animating” giving objects spirits
Africa, Asia
Hinduism
Judaism
Zoroastrianism
Good and evil starts here.
Arguments for this was first monotheist religion
Good god/bad god maybe polytheistic
Maybe archetype for God/Devil