1. Transfer-based translation
intermediary sentencce structure
basic processes
analysis
transfer
generation (synthesis)
language modules
dictionary and grammar of SL
transfer dictionary and transfer rules
dictionary and grammar of TL
Hutchins bild
Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

2. Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003
Direct translation SL TL
Metal
Transfer
Multra
Interlingua
Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

3. Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003
Metal
See H&S
Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

4. Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003
MULTRA
Multilingual Support for Translation and Writing
translation engine
transfer-based
shake-and-bake
modular
unification-based
preference machinery
trace-able
Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

5. Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

6. Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003
Analysis
chart parser (Lisp  C)
procedural formalism
unification and other kinds of operations
sentence structure
feature structure
grammatical relations
surface order implicit via grammatical relations
See further Sågvall Hein&Starbäck (99),Weijnitz (02), Dahllöf (89)
Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

7. Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003
Transfer
unification-based
declarative formalism
Multra transfer formalism (Beskow 93)
lexical and structural rules
rules are partially ordered
a more specific rule takes precedence over a less specific one
specificity in terms of number of transfer equations
all applicable rules are applied
written in prolog
Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

8. Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003
Generation
syntactic generation
Multra syntactic generation formalism (Beskow 97a)
PATR-like style
unification
concatenation
typed features
morphological generation (Beskow 97b)
lexical insertion rules
morphological realisation and phonological finish in prolog
written in prolog
Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

9. An example: Tippa hytten.
(* = (PHR.CAT = CL
TYPE = IMP
VERB = (WORD.CAT = VERB
INFF = IMP
DIAT = ACT
LEX = TIPPA.VB.1)
OBJ.DIR = (PHR.CAT = NP
NUMB = SING
GENDER = UTR
CASE = BASIC
DEF = DEF
HEAD = (LEX = HYTT.NN.1
WORD.CAT = NOUN)))
REG = (V1.LEM = TIPPA.VB)
SEP = (WORD.CAT = SEP
LEX = STOP.SR.0)))
Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

10. Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003
Chart structure
(15 VERTICES)
>
> (show)
1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| 11| 12| 13| 14| 15|
.-T-.-i-.-p-.-p-.-a-.-_-.-h-.-y-.-t-.-t-.-e-.-n _-.
.-t HYTT.NN STOP.SR.
.-TIPPA.VB NP
.-TIPPA.VB FORM.SUFF.
.-CL
Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

11. Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003
Transfer structure
Transfer structure
[[VERB : [WORD.CAT : VERB
LEX : TILT.VB.0
DIAT : ACT
INFF : IMP]
OBJ.DIR : [PHR.CAT : NP
DEF : DEF
NUMB : SING
HEAD : [WORD.CAT : NOUN
LEX : CAB.NN.0]]
TYPE : IMP
SEP : [WORD.CAT : SEP
LEX : STOP.SR.0]
PHR.CAT : CL]
Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003

12. Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003
Generation
Tilt the cab.  
Anna Sågvall Hein, GSLT, January 2003