1. Volume 63, Issue 3, Pages 565-572 (March 2013)
Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty in Children: Long-Term Outcome and Critical Analysis of 10-Year Experience in a Teaching Center 
Thomas Blanc, Cecile Muller, Hendy Abdoul, Stoyen Peev, Annabel Paye-Jaouen, Matthieu Peycelon, Elisabeth Carricaburu, Alaa El- Ghoneimi 
European Urology 
Volume 63, Issue 3, Pages (March 2013)
DOI: /j.eururo
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2. Fig. 1 Our strategy for ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
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3. Fig. 2
Operating room setup for right lateral retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
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4. Fig. 3
Lateral retroperitoneal access. The red arrow shows the direction of the retroperitoneal access under vision to dissociate the muscle layers and the facia transversals and finally the most posterior part of the Gerota's facia. IVC=inferior vena cava.
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
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5. Fig. 4
Learning curve. (a) Operative time (minutes) of the 104 consecutive cases of retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RPLP) in chronological order. (b) Operative time (minutes) according to phase. The blue diamonds indicate when the senior surgeon, Alaa El-Ghoneimi (AEG), did the procedure, and the orange squares indicate when he supervised the procedure done by one of his trainees. Transmission to trainees was feasible only after 30 cases performed by the same surgeon. The operative time shortened uniformly and stabilized between 150 and 200min after 30 cases. During phase 3, the senior surgeon began to train his assistants/fellow regularly, and the operative time went up, but it did not reach the initial learning curve results. Standardization of the operative steps helped in the teaching process because 50% of the final 30 cases were done by trainees. (c) Operative time (minutes) during the fellowship program. Thomas Blanc started by assisting AEG (orange squares), and then he was assisted by AEG (blue diamonds). At the end of the fellowship program, he did five RPLPs independently (green triangles).
European Urology  , DOI: ( /j.eururo )
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