1. The West

2. Whaling Whaling New England (Nantucket and New Bedford)
Life on a whaling ship
The “golden age of whaling,”
Exploring the Pacific

3. Early Advances Westward
Lewis and Clark,
Traders
Wagon Trains

4. Second Great Awakening
A religious revival, c. 1790s-1830s
Westward migration
1810s, half of all Americans lived in frontier states (Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio)
By 1820, eight new states had been admitted to the Union
Breakdown of traditional hierarchies
Life became more impersonal
Raised fears that Americans were losing a sense of community
Turned to religion

5. The Importance of the SGA
A frontier movement that spread eastward
Created a sense of community
Revivals
Western religious customs
Democratized American Protestantism
Religion validated the lives and values of ordinary Americans
Preachers often were not educated
Services were delivered in everyday language
Preachers drew their authority from the laity
Laity, rather than church officials, shaped what American Protestantism would be

6. Mormons Joseph Smith Brigham Young Visions Missouri Illinois
Baptism of the dead and polygamous marriage
Militarized theocracy
Death
Brigham Young
Salt Lake, Utah
Mountain Meadows Massacre

7. California Mexican California Gold Rush Cattle and ranches
Trade and settlement
John Charles Fremont
Gold Rush
Getting there
Non-Native population before 1848: 10,000. In 1851: 255,000
Life
Prospectors vs. mining companies
Hispanic and Chinese miners
Native Americans

8. Comanches Native American Empire? Comanche culture
Horse/mule breeders and thieves
Hierarchical
Polygamous
Slave traders, slave owners
Protectors
Empire disrupters

9. Texas Anglo migration to Mexican Texas, 1830s Slavery Rebellion
Independence