1. COPYRIGHT 2013 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Upper Extremity
Quiz 11
Brachial Plexus
COPYRIGHT 2013 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

2. Brachial Plexus - axilla
in nursery school we called it?
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3. Brachial Plexus - axilla
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4. Brachial Plexus - axilla
within the axilla we will study arteries, veins, and nerves
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5. Brachial Plexus - vessels
LEFT SIDE
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6. Brachial Plexus - vessels
LEFT SIDE
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7. Brachial Plexus - vessels
LEFT SIDE
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8. Brachial Plexus - vessels
note that the axillary nerve and the caudal humeral circumflex artery pass into the muscle together
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9. Brachial Plexus - vessels
LEFT SIDE
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10. Brachial Plexus - vessels
LEFT SIDE
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11. Brachial Plexus - nerves
LEFT SIDE
COPYRIGHT 2013 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

12. Brachial Plexus - nerves
important notes:
1. medial cord gives rise to ulnar nerve and half of the median nerve
2. lateral cord gives rise to musculocutaneous nerve and half of median nerve
COPYRIGHT 2013 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

13. Brachial Plexus - nerves
3. ulnar nerve runs by itself in the arm – it passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus – hit it and ouch!
4. ulnar nerve runs with the ulnar artery and the ulnA bone in the forearm (Grant, Grant, Grant!)
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14. Brachial Plexus - nerves
5. median nerve runs with the brachial artery in the arm – in the cat they pass through the supracondyloid foramen
6. median nerve runs with the radial artery and the radius bone in the forearm (Grant, Grant, Lincoln!)
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15. Brachial Plexus - nerves
7. musculocutaneous nerve runs along the belly of the biceps brachii in the arm
8. it also serves the lateral cutaneous area of the forearm
9. it does not go into the forearm
COPYRIGHT 2013 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

16. Brachial Plexus - nerves
LEFT SIDE
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17. Brachial Plexus - nerves
more important notes:
10. posterior cord gives rise to axillary nerve and radial nerve
11. radial nerve goes deep into the arm with the deep brachial artery
COPYRIGHT 2013 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

18. Brachial Plexus - nerves
12. radial nerve emerges on the lateral side of the arm and a superficial branch of it runs with the cephalic vein into the forearm – it runs on the brachioradialis and serves it too
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19. Brachial Plexus - nerves
13. a deep branch of the radial nerve goes deep into the posterior compartment of the forearm and serves the extensor muscles and the supinator muscle
COPYRIGHT 2013 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

20. Brachial Plexus - nerves
mnemonic:
Ralph Turner Drinks Cold Beer!
R for rami
T for trunks
D for divisions
C for cords
B for branches
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21. Brachial Plexus - nerves
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22. Brachial Plexus - nerves
ANTERIOR RAMI C5 C6 C7 C8
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23. Brachial Plexus - nerves
TRUNKS C5
upper trunk C6
C5 & 6
middle trunk C7 C7 C8
lower trunk
C8 & T1
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24. Brachial Plexus - nerves
A = anterior
DIVISIONS C5
P = posterior A
upper trunk C6 P A
middle trunk C7 P P C8
lower trunk A
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25. Brachial Plexus - nerves
CORDS C5 A
upper trunk
lateral cord C6 P
C5, 6, 7 A
middle trunk C7
posterior cord P
C5, 6, 7, 8 & T1 P C8
lower trunk
medial cord A
C8 & T1
COPYRIGHT 2013 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED T1

26. Brachial Plexus - nerves
BRANCHES C5
musculocutaneous n. A
upper trunk
lateral cord C6
axillary n. P
median n. A
middle trunk C7
posterior cord
radial n. P P C8
lower trunk
medial cord
ulnar n. A
COPYRIGHT 2013 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED T1

27. Brachial Plexus - nerves
musculocutaneous nerve –
axillary nerve –
median nerve –
radial nerve –
ulnar nerve –
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28. Brachial Plexus - nerves
musculocutaneous n.
upper trunk A
lateral cord C6
axillary n. P
median n.
middle trunk A
posterior cord C7
radial n. P
lower trunk P
medial cord C8
ulnar n. A T1
COPYRIGHT 2013 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
neck
deep to clavicle
axilla
mostly arm

29. Brachial Plexus - nerves
the cords are named for their position relative to the middle third of the axillary artery – one is medial to it, one is lateral to it, and one is posterior to it
COPYRIGHT 2013 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

30. Brachial Plexus - nerves
at this point I want to review two versions of this information prepared by two students as study guides – we will learn from their mistakes and their triumphs!
COPYRIGHT 2013 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

31. Brachial Plexus - nerves
syndromes:
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32. Brachial Plexus - nerves
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33. Brachial Plexus – muscles
next is a transverse section through the arm midway between the shoulder and the elbow – how many bones?
we will look at the muscles and how they relate to the nerves
COPYRIGHT 2013 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

34. Brachial Plexus - muscles
TRANSVERSE SECTION
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35. Brachial Plexus – muscles
anterior compartment of the arm: 1. 2.
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36. Brachial Plexus – muscles3.
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37. Brachial Plexus – muscles
posterior compartment of the arm: 1.
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38. Brachial Plexus - muscles
TRANSVERSE SECTION
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39. Brachial Plexus – muscles
anterior compartment of the forearm:
mnemonic: Pete Rose Swings Up
P – pronator teres
R – flexor carpi radialis
S – flexor digitorum superficialis
U – flexor carpi ulnaris
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40. Brachial Plexus – muscles1. 2.
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41. Brachial Plexus – muscles3. 4.
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42. Brachial Plexus – muscles5. 6.
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43. Brachial Plexus – muscles7.
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44. Brachial Plexus – muscles
posterior compartment of the forearm:
mnemonic: Big Larry Bird Coach Lacks Undies!
B – brachioradialis
L – extensor carpi radialis longus
B – extensor carpi radialis brevis
COPYRIGHT 2013 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

45. Brachial Plexus – muscles
C – extensor digitorum communis
L – extensor digitorum lateralis – cat only
U – extensor carpi ulnaris
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46. Brachial Plexus – muscles1. 2.
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47. Brachial Plexus – muscles3. 4.
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48. Brachial Plexus – muscles5. 6.
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49. Brachial Plexus – muscles7.
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50. Brachial Plexus – muscles
hand:
20 intrinsic muscles in the hand – both origin and insertion in the hand
we will simplify
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51. Brachial Plexus - nerves
now we will review material on the overheads (handouts) with nerves being the focus
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52. Brachial Plexus - nerves
each compartment dominated by one nerve:
anterior arm –
posterior arm –
anterior forearm –
posterior forearm –
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53. Brachial Plexus - nerves
hand –
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54. Brachial Plexus - nerves
lastly the distribution of nerves to the skin of the hand:
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55. Brachial Plexus - nerves
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56. Upper Extremity – Brachial Plexus
Quiz #11 – brachial plexus and its terminal branches
COPYRIGHT 2013 by William C. Johnson II, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED