1. Urinary System Organs Hepatic veins (cut) Esophagus (cut)
Inferior vena cava
Renal artery
Adrenal gland
Renal hilum
Aorta
Renal vein
Kidney
Iliac crest
Ureter
Rectum (cut)
Uterus (part
of female
reproductive
system)
Urinary
bladder
Urethra
Figure 25.1

2. cortex
medulla
Renal pelvis

3. Minor calyx
Major calyx
pelvis

4. The Blood Supply to the Kidneys
Cortical Radiate Artery
Cortical Radiate Arteries
Figure 26.5a, b

5. Cortical radiate
artery
interlobar artery
Arcuate artery
Renal artery

6. Glomerulus
Afferent arteriole
Cortical radiate A.
Arcuate A.

7. Afferent
arteriole
Efferent
arteriole
Glomerulus

9. Glomerulus
Cortical radiate V.
Peritubular
capillaries
Arcuate V.
Vasa recta

11. Nephrons
Each kidney contains over million nephrons – the anatomical units responsible for urine formation.
Nephron functions include
Production of filtrate
Reabsorption of organic nutrients, water and ions
Secretion of waste products into tubular fluid

12. Nephron’s parts Consists of 2 parts:
The renal corpuscle which is the location of blood filtration
It is composed of
Bowman’s capsule
Glomerulus
The renal tubule is the location of filtrate processing into urine
It is consists of
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

18. PCT
DCT

19. PCT
DCT

20. Cortical and Juxtamedullary Nephrons
Figure 26.7a

21. Nephron Anatomy
Figure 25.5a

22. Urinalysis
Glucose –high blood sugar due to diabetes or increased uptake of sugar or carbohydrates (glycosuria)
Ketone bodies –product of the breakdown of protein, starvation, weight loss, high fever, diabetes (ketonuria)
Proteins –high blood pressure, physical exertion, pregancy, kidney infection (proteinuria)
WBCs –infection (pyuria)
RBCs –infection, injury to kidneys, kidney stones (hematuria)
Hemoglobin –transfusion reaction, hemolytic anemia (hemogloinuria)
Bile Pigments –hepatitis (bilirubinuria)

23. Dipstick Test

24. Calcium Oxalate Crystals
Urine Sediment
Calcium Phosphate
Uric Acid Crystals
Calcium Oxalate Crystals
Cholesterol Crystals
Epithelial cells