2. Cycliphora, Entoprocta, Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, Phoronida,
Chapter 9
Polyzoa
and Kryptozoa
Cycliphora, Entoprocta, Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, Phoronida,
and Nemertea

3. Lophotrochozoa Clade Platyzoa Clade Brachiozoa (“arm animal”)
Phylum Cycliophora(“circle bearing”)
Phylum Entoprocta(“inner anus”)
Phylum Ectoprocta(“outer anus”)
Phylum Brachiopoda (“arm foot”)
Clade Brachiozoa (“arm animal”)
Clade Platyzoa
Phylum Phoronida(“nest bearing”)
Clade Kryptrochozoa (“hidden wheel animal”)
Phylum Nemertea (the nereids - “unerring one”)

4. Pseudocoelomate Animals
gut (endoderm)
pseudocoel
Muscle (mesoderm)
internal organs
ectoderm

5. Phylum Cycliophora
“circle bearer”
Symbion pandora

6. Phylum Entoprocta “within anus”
Superficially resemble hydroid cnidarians & ectoprocts
Mostly marine (one freshwater species)
Phylogenetic relationship uncertain

8. Phylum Ectoprocta The Bryozoans Colonial aquatic animals “outer anus”
“moss animals”
Colonial aquatic animals
colony = collection of individuals
zoecium = chamber containing one individual
zooid = individual
polypide = active/feeding part of body
cystid = body wall & secreted case

9. FRESHWATER BRYOZOANS
MARINE
BRYOZOANS

10. Phylum Brachiopoda “arm foot” - lamp shells
Superficially resemble clams
Secrete two calcareous shell valves - dorsal/ventral valves
Lophophore located between the valves
Usually attached to substrate via pedicle
Separate sexes
Discharge gametes through nephridia!

11. The Cambrian Explosion

13. Phylum Phoronida

14. Similar to Platyhelminthes
Ph. Nemertea
(ribbon worms)
Similar to Platyhelminthes
Except:
eversible proboscis
complete digestive tract
circulatory system
separate sexes