1. Lecture #2 History of Animation Oh-young Song Sejong University
Computer Animation
History of Animation
Lecture #2
Oh-young Song
Sejong University

2. Related Courses Computer Graphics Virtual Reality
Handling the basics
Focusing on realism
Virtual Reality
Focusing on Immersion
Human Computer Interaction
Focusing on Interaction

3. Early Animation
Do you know this?

4. How about these?
Zeotrope
Phenakistiscope

5. Kineograph (flipbook) - 1868
Maybe you know this.
Kineograph (flipbook)

6. From Lasseter’s Paper

7. From Lasseter’s Paper

8. From Lasseter’s Paper

9. From Lasseter’s Paper

10. From Lasseter’s Paper

11. A History of Animation
1887: Goodwin invented nitrate celluloid film (For cell animation)

13. A History of Animation 1887: Goodwin invented nitrate celluloid film
1892: Reynard invented Praxinoscope

14. A History of Animation 1887: Goodwin invented nitrate celluloid film
1892: Reynard invented Praxinoscope
1893: Edison invented the Kinetscope
Only one viewer at a time
1894: Lumiere invented the cinematograph
Camera + Project + Printer

15. A History of Animation 1900: THE ENCHANTED DRAWING
Live action films + replacement technique
1906: HUMOROUS PHASES OF FUNNY FACES
The first animation recorded frame by frame

16. A History of Animation 1925: “The Adventures of Prince Achmed”
Lotte Reiniger, 1st feature animation
Silhouette animation

17. A History of Computer Animation
1885: CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
1960: William F. Boeing coins “Computer Graphics”
1961: John Whitney, “Father of Computer Graphics”

18. John Whitney

19. A History of Computer Animation
1885: CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
1960: William F. Boeing coins “Computer Graphics”
1961: John Whitney, “Father of Computer Graphics”
w/ Saul Bass, Intro. to Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo
1961: Spacewars, 1st video game
1963: Ivan Sutherland, Sketchpad

20. Sketchpad Created by Ivan Sutherland (1963)
Sketchpad: A man-machine graphical communication system

21. Sketchpad Created by Ivan Sutherland First GUI Using lightpen Icons
Copying
Rubber-banding of lines
Zoom in-out
Line, Arc

27. A History of Computer Animation
1974: z-buffer, Ed Catmull
1980: Tron, 1st feature film by CG

28. A History of Computer Animation
1974: z-buffer, Ed Catmull
1980: Tron, 1st feature film by CG
1986: Luxo Jr.
1987: nominated for Academy Awards
1987: Silver Berlin Bear in Berlin International Film Festival
1995: Toy Story, 1st full CG feature film

29. Short films of Pixar

30. How to Create Expressive Animation ?
Bill Tytla at the Walt Disney Studio, June 28, 1937.
"There is no particular mystery in animation.., it's really very simple, it is about the hardest in the world to do"

31. Principles of Animation
“The Illusion of Life”, by Thomas Johnson and Ollie Johnson

32. Principles of Animation
“The Illusion of Life”, by Thomas Johnson and Ollie Johnson
Principles of Traditional Animation Applied to 3D Computer Animation, John Lasseter, Siggraph 87.

33. 11 Principles Squash and Stretch Timing Anticipation Staging
Follow Through
Pose to Pose
Slow In, Show Out
Arcs
Exaggeration
Secondary Action
Appeal

34. Squash and Stretch
Movement emphasizes rigidity
Preserve volume

35. Squash and Stretch

36. Squash and Stretch

37. Squash and Stretch

38. Timing Timing, or the speed of an action gives meaning to movement
Weight, Scaling, Emotion

39. Timing Two keyframes of a head No: hit by a tremendous force
ONE: hit by a frying pan
TWO: nervous tic
THREE: dodging a brick
FOUR: a crisp order “Move it!”
FIVE: friendly “Come on-hurry”
SIX: tracing a pretty girl
SEVEN: Getting a better look
EIGHT: Searching for the peanut butter
NINE: Considering thoughtfully
TEN: stretch a sore muscle

40. Anticipation The preparation of an action Revealing
Indicating Speed, Weight
Directing Attention

41. Aniticipation

42. Anticipation

43. Anticipation

44. Staging
Staging is the presentation of an idea so that it is completely and unmistakably clear.
Readability
Personality
Mood

45. Follow Through The termination of an action Weight and drag Initiation
Overlapping

46. Pose-to-Pose
Keyframes

47. Slow In, Slow Out The spacing of the inbetweens
Non-linear interpolation

48. Slow In, Slow Out The spacing of the inbetweens
Non-linear interpolation

49. Arcs
The visual path of action from one extreme to another is always described by an arc

50. Arcs

51. Exaggeration Exaggerate the essence of the action
Action, emotion, shape, color, sound, …

52. Secondary Action
An action that results directly from another action

53. Secondary Action

54. Appeal The animated character has appeal.
A quality of charm
Pleasing design
Simplicity
It doesn’t mean that the character/animation should be realistic.

55. Luxo Jr. vs Final Fantasy

56. Uncanny Valley Human psychological reaction to animation
Coined by Japanese roboticist Masahiro Mori
Emotional response against similarity to human appearance and movement

57. Uncanny Valley

58. CG Techinques for Animation
What can CG do for the principles ?
Keyframing
Timing, Arc, Slow In & Out
Geometric deformation
Squash and Stretch
Rendering
Staging
Physics based techniques
Secondary Action

59. Physics-based Techniques
Rigid body
10-plank_test_withcontact_c.avi
1000ring.avi
tank_straight_comp.avi
Deformable body
buddha_gear.avi
warping.mov
hair.mov
movie1.avi
BreakingObjects.avi,Materials.avi
Fluid
Burning_Paper.avi
glass00.avi
melting_ice.avi
torus_cage.avi
pouring4.avi
water-curtain-front_new.avi
goop-et-web.avi
Derivative Particles.mov
vfx.mov, rnd.mov

60. Discussion Are they all? Personality
Story, Character >>> Technique