1. Self-renewal and solid-tumor stem cells
Michael F. Clarke 
Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 
Volume 11, Issue 2, Pages (February 2005)
DOI: /j.bbmt
Copyright © 2005 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Isolation of cancer stem cells. Human tumor cells are dissociated and, on the basis of marker expression, are isolated by flow cytometry for injection into immunodeficient mice. Different populations of tumor cells differ with respect to their ability to form tumors, demonstrating a cancer stem cell population within the tumor.
Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation  , 14-16DOI: ( /j.bbmt )
Copyright © 2005 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Improved cancer treatment based on targeting tumor-initiating cells (TICs). Most traditional treatments are developed and assayed on the basis of their ability to kill most of a tumor cell population—eg, “log-kill” assays. However, these treatments can easily miss the TICs, particularly because they have evolved to overexpress drug efflux pumps. This model explains why standard chemotherapy often results in remissions, but not cures. Treatments targeted specifically at TICs, in contrast, would be more effective at truly curing the tumor, because more differentiated tumor cells would eventually become quiescent, or apoptose.
Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation  , 14-16DOI: ( /j.bbmt )
Copyright © 2005 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Terms and Conditions