1. The End of WWII: Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1945

2. Background of the Atomic Bomb
After the U.S. victory at the Battle of the Midway (1942), the U.S. began island hopping in hopes of defeating Japan
Japanese units were fighting to the death with few surrendering
Used Kamikaze pilots; destroyed 16 U.S. ships and damaged another 80

3. Development of the Atomic Bomb
1939: The U.S. starts to develop atomic technology using uranium and plutonium
Japan did not know about this
A top-secret project called “The Manhattan Project”
The atomic bomb took two years to make and cost $2 billion

4. Development of the Atomic Bomb
July 16, 1945: first atomic bomb tested in the New Mexico desert
The blast vaporized a 100ft. steel tower on which the bomb had been hung

5. Development of the Atomic Bomb
U.S. President Truman warned Japan to surrender or risk being totally destroyed
Japan refused
So, Truman decided to stop traditional warfare tactics and drop the atomic bomb
His reasons for doing so were:

6. The Decision to Drop the Bomb
It was estimated that up to 1 million American soldiers would be lost if the U.S. invaded Japan
Russians were heading toward Japan. The U.S. wanted to liberate and occupy Japan before Russia did (why??)
Billions of dollars worth of military equipment would be lost in an invasion

7. The Decision to Drop the Bomb
Millions of Japanese lives would be lost if the war were to continue
On July 27th, 1945 the Allies had sent a message to Japan saying, “If you do not surrender, you will be destroyed.” The Japanese did not respond. Truman took this as acceptance of total destruction.

8. Hiroshima
Monday, August 6, 1945: The nuclear bomb "Little Boy" was dropped on Hiroshima by an American B-29 bomber, the Enola Gay
Killed an estimated 80,000 people
Injury and radiation brought total casualties to 90,000–140,000
It was a ball of fire degrees C
Buildings within 1km of the blast were flattened

9. Hiroshima Within a second, 40% of the city was radioactivated
After 15 minutes, rain began to fall for 2 hours  “Black Rain”
people killed instantly; were injured

11. 0812 local time, 6 August 1945: 1. American B-29 bomber 'Enola Gay' approaches Hiroshima at an altitude of about 9,357 metres, and begins its bombing run 2. At 0815 it releases the atomic bomb 'Little Boy' 3. The aircraft then performs a sharp, 155 degree right turn and dives an estimated 518 metres 4. The bomb explodes with a force of 13 kilotons at a height of approximately 576 metres above the city 5. About a minute later the first shock wave, travelling at about 335 metres per second, hits the aircraft

12. “Little Boy” dropped on Hiroshima

13. The American pilot who dropped the first atomic bomb, Paul Tibbets.

14. The crew of the Enola Gay, the plane that carried the first atomic bomb to its target.

15. Mushroom cloud from the atomic explosion over Nagasaki at 11:02 a
Mushroom cloud from the atomic explosion over Nagasaki at 11:02 a.m, August 9, 1945

18. Aftermath of Hiroshima
Japan still did not surrender!
Truman warned that there would be more bombs to come
3 days later, the U.S. dropped another bomb (plutonium) on…

19. Nagasaki August 9, 1945 The code name of the bomb was “Fat Man”
people died
Both bombs contained one pound of atomic explosive which equals the release of tonnes of TNT

20. Results of the Atomic Bomb
Hair loss
Cataracts
Ulcers
Spleen damage
Damage to lymph glands
Blisters and burns
Bone cancer
Leukemia
Internal bleeding

21. WWII Ends On September 2, 1945, Japan officially surrendered!
Victory over Europe Day (VE Day)

22. Hiroshima: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwkyPvlWPM0