1. Diabetic retinopathy: Breaking the barrier
Randa S. Eshaq, Alaa M.Z. Aldalati, J. Steven Alexander, Norman R. Harris 
Pathophysiology 
Volume 24, Issue 4, Pages (December 2017)
DOI: /j.pathophys
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) can be divided into two main stages: non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR), with NPDR further subdivided into mild NPDR, moderate NPDR, and severe NPDR.
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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3. Fig. 2
Diabetic retinopathy is marked by microvascular dysfunction, including abnormal neovascularization, hemorrhages, microaneurysms, and cotton wool spots, that will eventually, if not treated, lead to vision loss.
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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4. Fig. 3
A summary of the factors, not necessarily independent of each other, leading to the development of diabetic retinopathy.
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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5. Fig. 4
Diabetes-induced retinal microvascular damage, including blood retinal barrier breakdown, can be induced by the factors summarized in this figure.
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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6. Fig. 5
Normally, as shown in panel A, the retinal endothelium has an intact glycocalyx and tight junctions. However, in diabetic retinopathy, the endothelium has increased permeability and possibly loses a portion of the glycocalyx (Panel B).
Pathophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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