1. Ontological analysis of the semantic typesB I O M E D C A L N T G Y
Ontological analysis of the semantic types
Anand Kumar MBBS, PhD
IFOMIS, University of Saarland, Germany.

2. Biological Entity classification using Realism
Anatomic
Structure
(Organ system,
Organ…)
Independent Biological
Continuant (FMA: Material
Anatomic Entity)
Body Substance
Biological Entity
Biological Occurants (processes,
events, actions)
Biological Continuants
Dependent Anatomical
Continuant (FMA: Immaterial
Anatomical entity –
point, space,
surface, line)
Dependent Biological
Continuant
Dependent
Physiological
Continuant
(function)

3. Market, product and serviceB I O M E D C A L N T G Y
Market, product and service
Market: Producer/Service provider; Customer;
Interest and motivation of customer; Resources
Products: Goods and Services
Need: Basic forces which drive customers to take action and
engage in exchanges
Difference between current state and desired state
Want: Specific ways of satisfying a basic need
Market segmentation
Niche products
Competitors

4. Events which are not eventsB I O M E D C A L N T G Y
Events which are not events
Behavior: Social behavior, Individual behavior
Molecular Biology Research Technique
Biological function: Physiological function:
Organism function, Organ or Tissue function, Cell function,
Molecular function
Pathologic function: Disease or syndrome, Experimental
model of disease

5. Concepts which are not conceptsB I O M E D C A L N T G Y
Concepts which are not concepts
Spatial concept: Body slope or region, Body space
or junction, Geographic area, Molecular sequence
Conceptual entity: Organism attribute: Clinical atrribute
Conceptual entity: Finding: Laboratory or test result, Sign
or symptom
Chemical: Chemical viewed structurally, Chemical viewed
functionally

6. Epistemology within OntologyB I O M E D C A L N T G Y
Epistemology within Ontology
Finding: Sign or symptom
Should not be mixed into ontology per se
Finding vs. Disease or syndrome
Many, many semantic types can have parallel findings
Obesity - BMI, Finding
Hypertension – Systolic/Diastolic pressure, Finding

7. Single child Jointly exhaustive and Pairwise disjoint Plant:AlgaeB I O M E D C A L N T G Y
Jointly exhaustive and Pairwise disjoint
Single child
Plant:Algae
Mammal: Human
Occupation or discipline: Biomedical occupation or disease
Manufactured object: Medical device
Medical device: Drug delivery device
Pharmacologic substance: Antibiotic
Organism attribute: Clinical attribute
Functional concept: Body system
Research activity: Molecular biology research technique
Organism function: Mental process
Molecular function: Genetic function

8. Jointly exhaustive and Pairwise disjointB I O M E D C A L N T G Y
Jointly exhaustive and Pairwise disjoint
Anatomic structure and organism: problem of granularity
Intellectual product: Regulation or law, classification
Manufactured object: Medical device, Research device,
Clinical drug
Organization: Health Care related organization, Professional
soceity, Self-help or relief organization
Conceptual entity: Organism attribute, Finding, Idea or
concept, Occupation of discipline, Organization, Group,
Group attribute, Intellectual product, Language
Laboratory Procedure, Diagnostic Procedure, Therapeutic or
preventive procedure

9. UMLS took many of its SN classes from original sources B I O M E D C A L N T G Y
Sources and UMLS SN
UMLS took many of its SN classes from original sources
Some sources given preference over other
Read Code - Region as parent of anatomical entity
Medical Entities Dictionary - Chemical viewed functionally
- Biologically active substance
UMLS influences new Thesaurus/Ontology
UMLS SN influence on NCI Thesaurus
Neoplasm by morphology: Mucinous neoplasm
Neoplasm: Neoplasm by morphology
Mucinous neoplasm semantic_type Neoplastic process
Chain of responsibility

10. Growth strategy (Mullins, Walker and Boyd)C A L N T G Y
Growth strategy (Mullins, Walker and Boyd)
Current market, Current product:
Market penetration strategy
Increase market share: Increase frequency of usage,
Increase quantity used, New applications
New market, Current product:
Market development strategy
Geographic extension, Target new segments
Current market, New product:
Product development strategy
Product improvement, Product-line extension, New products
New market, New product:
Diversification strategy
Vertical integration, Concentric diversification, Conglomerate

11. Correct certain mistakesB I O M E D C A L N T G Y
Suggestions
Correct certain mistakes
Do not cover mistakes of Semantic types by modifying
relations between them
Carefully evaluate the sources (Digital anatomist, now FMA)
Modularize, if needed (ICD10 vs. Snomed CT)
Commit much less if resources are untenable
Expand luxuriously if resources are present
Enlighten Electronic Health Record standardizations (New
NLM - HL7 contract, Snomed CT, LOINC)
Follow shifting interests of current customers (EHRs, Bio)

12. Ontological analysis of the semantic typesB I O M E D C A L N T G Y
Ontological analysis of the semantic types
Anand Kumar MBBS, PhD
IFOMIS, University of Saarland, Germany.