1. History of Photography Part 2: New Ways of Visualizing Time & Space
AWQ4MI
Mrs. E. Kalinowski
History of Photography Part 2: New Ways of Visualizing Time & Space
Locomotion, Chronophotography, Colour Photography

2. Human vision was inadequate…
Technical (photographic) innovations of the 19th century changed the way people saw objects/people
People couldn’t “see” things happening at a fraction of a second…the human eye was inadequate
“spark exposures” at 1/100,000 of a second
An early version of the flash
Made to capture people walking, water dripping

3. What do these have in common?
A railway builder
A horse
A photographer
A scandalous love triangle

4. Locomotion
That’s me!
The Bet: does a horse’s feet leave the ground as it runs?
24 cameras faced the horse racing. Threads connected to electric switches lay across the race track.
Horse raced through, pulled threads, snapshot was taken at 1/2000 of a sec.
Eadweard Muybridge, Galloping Horse, Motion Study – Sallie Gardner, 1878
Muybridge accused of killing his wife’s lover, went on trial, acquitted in 1874 of murder, and fled San Francisco until 1877

5. Locomotion
Developed a folding hand camera with a focal-plane shutter that allowed exposures at 1/1000 second
Photos of storks nesting & in-flight amazed scientists
Improved upon Muybridge’s locomotion studies (faster) and developed photos in motion that could be seen by many at once
Ottomar Anschutz, Storks, 1882
Anschutz made photos of projectiles in flight at Krupps Weapons Plant

6. Chronophotography
Eakins (realist painter) met Muybridge (photographer) and they became colleagues/BFFs
Used Galloping Horse to influence his painting and teaching in Philadelphia, USA
Asked Muybridge to include measurements in his work so artists could replicate it more easily
Used wheel/disk camera to record on 1 plate
Thomas Eakins, Jesse Godley, 1884
In 1883, Eakins (realist painter) met Muybridge (photographer) and they became colleagues/BFFs

7. Chronophotography Etienne-Jules Marey, Schenkel, High Jump, 1886
A scientist, physiologist seeking concrete/measurable facts to analyze human/animal movement
A mechanical device attached the subject to a wire with a pen. Subject’s movement activated the pen to draw on paper how the subject moved.
Quest: to picture a body’s “all at oneness”  to display all moving parts of the body