1. Small Scale Sustainable Solutions
Appropriate technology
Appropriate technology – technology to solve a problem that is designed with special consideration for the environmental, political, social, cultural and ethical situation.
Intermediate technology
Intermediate technology – Based on inventions and designs from the developed world, but use materials, labour and maintenance from the developed world (the places where the technologies are going to be used.)

2. Why are appropriate and intermediate types of technology sustainable?

3. Your decision making challenge…
You are a group of charity workers from the NGO Water Aid.
You have been sent to a small village in West Africa where there is chronic water shortage.
You have to use the information you are provided with the decide on the best sustainable solution for the village.
Remember:
You must choose the most appropriate technology (locally sourced materials work best).
You must cover every member of the community.
You must spend ALL of the money.

4. Children (150) – After women, it is children who become responsible for collecting water. This reduces their chance to attend school and the time they have for play. Water aid works closely with schools to promote hygiene messages. Children learn quickly and take these messages home and teach them to their families.
Women (75) – Women play very important roles in the collection and use of water and in hygiene education. Their importance is overlooked in many cultures. WaterAid aims to involve women directly in all decision making and will often train women to maintain facilities or become hygiene educators.
Men (75) – The men are keen to raise income and to have the opportunity to lift themselves out of poverty. Improved water supplies and toilets will lead to an increase in productivity. Any extra food not needed by the family can be sold, creating extra income. With more money the family will be able to pay for education and medicines starting to help them out of poverty.
Medics (7, will also affect 90 villagers) – The clinic would like a clean water supply. This would enable them to sterilize all equipment, which reduces the risk of infection. Women would benefit greatly from clean water and better hygiene during pregnancy and childbirth, while post-natal (after giving birth) health would also improve and the risk of infection reduce greatly. The medics would also like to raise hygiene awareness.
Teachers (10, will also affect children) – Teachers would like toilet and water facilities in or very near to the school. This would improve the working environment for teachers and encourage more children to attend school. Schools can also be a good place to promote hygiene education messages. It is particularly important that there are toilets for girls during menstruation so that they don’t have to miss classes.

5. Shopping list: You have £5,000 to spend You must provide clean water, sanitation facilities and hygiene education for all 300 people in your village and ensure that the villagers have the knowledge to maintain these practices.
Hygiene games that will reach 150 children - £50
Building a composting latrine for two families of five, which will provide free fertilizer to increase crop output - £50
Puppet show to demonstrate hygiene messages that will reach 250 people - £150
Training a teacher to raise hygiene awareness to 150 children - £300
Building a block of six composting latrines, used by 100 people - £350
Training and salary for a hygiene educator for a year who will reach 300 people - £500
Training and salary for one female engineer to maintain pumps/wells - £500
Rehabilitation of existing wells, using parts found locally, which will be used by 100 people - £500
Rainwater collection system which, when full, will supply water for 300 people - £500
One Japanese handpump (spare parts not included) used by 300 people - £750
Building a well, including labour and materials, used by 150 people - £1000
Enabling community consultation on new facilities for 300 people - £1000
Locally made handpump, used by 150 people - £1000