1. INTERNALIZATION AND SANCTIONS
SOCIAL CONTROL
INTERNALIZATION
AND
SANCTIONS

2. INTERNALIZATION
The process by which a norm becomes a part of an individual’s personality thereby conditioning the individual to conform to society.
This is the most important form of social control
This is how something becomes “common sense”
Can you give examples of this?

3. SANCTIONS POSITIVE: REWARD
NEGATIVE: PUNISHMENT OR THREAT OF PUNISHMENT
FORMAL: REWARD OR PUNISHMENT GIVEN BY A FORMAL ORGANIZATION OR REGULATORY BODY
INFORMAL: SPONTANEOUS EXPRESSION OF APPROVAL OR DISAPPROVAL GIVEN BY AN INDIVIDUAL OR A GROUP

4. AGENTS OF SOCIAL CONTROL
THE POLICE
THE COURTS
RELIGION
THE FAMILY
PUBLIC OPINION
CAN YOU THINK OF ANY OTHERS?

5. GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING:
A POSITIVE FORMAL SANCTION
A NEGATIVE FORMAL SANCTION
A POSITIVE INFORMAL SANCTION
A NEGATIVE INFORMAL SANCTION

6. Make a comprehensive list that completes the following:
“In ___________ , I am a _____________.”
i.e. In school I am a student.
i.e. In the universe I am, but a speck.

8. Social Structure
Made up of interrelated statuses and roles that guides human interaction.
Status = a socially defined position in a group or in a society. Your rank or level of importance. (you are ALL very important people) LABEL?
Role = is the behavior expected of someone occupying a particular status

9. Status and Role?

10. Status and Role?

11. Status and Role?

12. Status and Role?

13. Status and Role?

14. Status Categories
Ascribed Status = A status that is assigned according to standards beyond one’s control-- inherited or that come with age.
Sex
Race
Royalty
Achieved Status = A status acquired on the basis of a skill, knowledge or ability.
Occupation
Spouse
Parent
Graduate
Athlete
Master Status = The status that is currently most important in shaping one’s life and determining social identity. This can change at different stages in life.

15. NOW GO BACK TO YOUR LIST AND …
Circle your ascribed statuses.
Underline your achieved statuses.
Star or highlight your master status.

16. On a sheet of paper, come up with as many statuses in society you can think of. Every label we have for people connotes a level or rank in society

17. Statuses… Man Woman Misfit Outcast Deviant Parent Spouse Loner Leader
Lover
King/Queen
Rich
Poor
Yuppie/preppy
Felon
Girlfriend/boyfriend
Guide
Athlete
Any occupation
Gangsta
Immigrant (illegal/legal)
Terrorist
Pacifist
Soldier
Dropout
Graduate
Star
Role Model
Homeless/bum
Intellectual
Prostitute
Grandparent
Musician
Child
Adult
Adulterer
Conformist
Family-man
Player
Officer
Dictator

18. Role Categories
Reciprocal Roles = Are corresponding roles that define the patterns of interaction between related statuses. A role that cannot be acted out without a corresponding role. Doctor/patient
Role set = Set of roles in one status
Role conflict = conflict between fulfilling the role expectations of two statuses.
Role expectation = Behavior society has determined a person performing a role is expected to have.
Role performance = actual role behavior. May not match society’s expectations.
Role strain = when it is difficult to meet the role expectations of one status.

19. How have the roles of wife and mother changed over the years?
THOUGHTS TO PONDER
How have the roles of wife and mother changed over the years?
Write down the future statuses you intend to have. What behaviors will these roles entail?
Do you already exhibit these behaviors in any of your current roles?
How does culture affect our roles?

20. CULTURAL DIFFUSION The spreading or borrowing of culture traits
List traits that Americans have borrowed from other cultures
Are there any traits that Americans have given to other cultures?

21. Borrowed or Given?

22. Borrowed or Given?

23. Borrowed or Given?
Language?

24. Subculture
A group within a society which shares values, norms and objects which are not shared by the larger society.

25. Subculture Categories
Occupation
Nationality
Region
Age
Peer group
Religion
- Activities

26. Material Culture
Tangible objects within a culture. Meaning is assigned to these objects by people within the culture.
Examples?

27. Material Culture

28. LIST SOME MATERIAL ASPECTS OF CULTURE
HOW ABOUT OF THESE SUBCULTURES
TEENS
BASEBALL
SOUTHERNERS UNITED STATES

29. To which subculture do these material aspect of culture belong?

30. Countercultures are different…
These subcultures have values, norms and lifestyles in opposition to the mainstream or established culture
Examples?

31. Countercultures

32. CULTURAL UNIVERSALS
According to George Murdock, an anthropologist in the 1940’s, there are over 60 cultural universals, features common to all cultures.

33. EXAMPLES OF CULTURAL UNIVERSALS
COOKING
FEASTING
TOOLMAKING
BODY ADORNMENT
RELIGION
MYTHS AND FOLKLORE
SPORTS
EDUCATION
FORMS OF GREETING
MEDICINE
DANCING
FAMILY
HOUSING MUSIC
FUNERAL CEREMONIES
GIFT GIVING
LANGUAGE

34. PIECING IT ALL TOGETHER
SOCIETY
CULTURE
COUNTER-CULTURES
SUB-CULTURES
Going against mainstream culture
Within a culture
SYMBOLS
VALUES
Mores, Folkways, Norms
LANGUAGE
ROLES/STATUS
Social Control
SANCTIONS
REWARDS, PUNISHMENTS
INSTITUTIONS