1. Solar Water Pumps for Central Kansas Rylan E. Ortiz HORT 640 Sustainable Agriculture

2. Outline Solar power as a renewable energy source. Solar power as a renewable energy source. History of Solar power History of Solar power About solar energy About solar energy Theoretical discussion on solar power via PVs Theoretical discussion on solar power via PVs Industry solar power water pumps Industry solar power water pumps Why solar power water pumps in Kansas Why solar power water pumps in Kansas Calculations to question for a successful design Calculations to question for a successful design Solar energy on the rise! Solar energy on the rise! Question and Answer Question and Answer

3. Solar power as a renewable energy source. Our Suns fusion of H He drives photovoltaic cells to produce DC voltage. Our Suns fusion of H He drives photovoltaic cells to produce DC voltage.

4. History of Solar Power Solar innovations began over 100 years ago (Industrial Revol.) Solar innovations began over 100 years ago (Industrial Revol.) Shelved for 50 yrs due to USAs fossil fuel search. Shelved for 50 yrs due to USAs fossil fuel search. Auguste Mouchout, French mathematician first developed solar energy research 1860 Auguste Mouchout, French mathematician first developed solar energy research 1860

5. Theoretic on Solar Power via PVs Light travels in pockets of energy called photons. Light travels in pockets of energy called photons. PVs (Photovoltaics) absorb these photons and release electrons. PVs (Photovoltaics) absorb these photons and release electrons. Electrons can then be captured by surrounding medium to generate electric currents electricity! Electrons can then be captured by surrounding medium to generate electric currents electricity!

6. Theory PV effect first noted by Edmund Bequerel 1839. PV effect first noted by Edmund Bequerel 1839. Certain materials produce small amounts of current with photon interactions. Certain materials produce small amounts of current with photon interactions. First Photovoltaic build in 1954. First Photovoltaic build in 1954. Too expensive for public use. Too expensive for public use. 1960s space utilized this technology. 1960s space utilized this technology.

7. Theory Note: space technology helped decline PVs expensive price through research Note: space technology helped decline PVs expensive price through research Soon industry caught glimpse of PVs commercial potential. Soon industry caught glimpse of PVs commercial potential.

8. PV Theory Photons absorb PV medium (a semi – conductor material usually Silicon, Si) Photons absorb PV medium (a semi – conductor material usually Silicon, Si) This wafer is treated to generate an electric field. This wafer is treated to generate an electric field. Opposites attract. Positive and Negative terminals are connected to create an electric circuit. Opposites attract. Positive and Negative terminals are connected to create an electric circuit. This electric circuit generates an electric current which is then harnessed to power a load. This electric circuit generates an electric current which is then harnessed to power a load.

9. Theory

10. PV Theory Solar cells connected together form a module. Solar cells connected together form a module. A series of modules forms an array. A series of modules forms an array. Wire these up in series or parallel figurations to help power your device. Wire these up in series or parallel figurations to help power your device. In this case: In this case: Water Pumps!

11. Industry solar power water pumps Produce water when it is needed the most: when there is sun! Produce water when it is needed the most: when there is sun! Same idea as before: Same idea as before: Light photon interact Light photon interact Absorbed by wafers Absorbed by wafers Wafers produce DC Wafers produce DC Lorentz pump providing water in Eastern Colorado

12. Why Solar Pumps in Central KS? Ogallala Aquifers reservoir already supplies central and western Kansas with their water supply. Ogallala Aquifers reservoir already supplies central and western Kansas with their water supply. Solar power lowers conventional pumping costs by utilizing the Suns free and radiant energy. Solar power lowers conventional pumping costs by utilizing the Suns free and radiant energy.

13. Calculations for a Design of a Solar Pump DEFINITIONS and FUNDAMENTALS DEFINITIONS and FUNDAMENTALS LIFT vs. PRESSURE LIFT vs. PRESSURE DETERMINE POWER REQUIRED TO PUMP WATER DETERMINE POWER REQUIRED TO PUMP WATER ESTIMATE THE COST OF SOLAR PUMPING ESTIMATE THE COST OF SOLAR PUMPING HORSEPOWER vs. WATTS HORSEPOWER vs. WATTS HORESEPOWER of COMBUSTION ENGINE vs. ELECTRIC MOTOR HORESEPOWER of COMBUSTION ENGINE vs. ELECTRIC MOTOR POWER AND ENERGY POWER AND ENERGY WIRE SIZING vs. VOLTAGE WIRE SIZING vs. VOLTAGE

14. Theory of PVs PVs on average are only 20-30% efficient PVs on average are only 20-30% efficient Thus 70 or more percent of the Suns energy is lost Thus 70 or more percent of the Suns energy is lost Design of a PV will need to be protected from the natural elements such as hail and wind Design of a PV will need to be protected from the natural elements such as hail and wind A plastic is a durable source of covering for PVs to shield from elements A plastic is a durable source of covering for PVs to shield from elements

15. From an Environmental Perspective PVs eliminate the need for fossil fuels once on the market PVs eliminate the need for fossil fuels once on the market PV electricity generates zero – emissions PV electricity generates zero – emissions Semi – conductor manufacturing is one of the most hazardous industries in business Semi – conductor manufacturing is one of the most hazardous industries in business Use of solvents, acids and bases for cleaning and preparing of the crystals Use of solvents, acids and bases for cleaning and preparing of the crystals

16. Types of Potential Hazards x – Si HF acid burns SiH(4) fires / explosions Pb solder / module disposal a - Si SiH(4) fires / explosions CdTe Cd toxicity, carcinogenicity, module disposal Ga, As AsH(3) toxicity, As carcinogenicity, H(2) flammability, module disposal

17. Applications Deep well pumping Deep well pumping Irrigation (lift and pressurized) Irrigation (lift and pressurized) Livestock (pipeline transfer, pond and stream protection) Livestock (pipeline transfer, pond and stream protection) Home and village supply Home and village supply Camp sites, vacation cabins Camp sites, vacation cabins Water purification and treatment systems, Solar water heating Water purification and treatment systems, Solar water heating Hydronic floor heating Hydronic floor heating

18. Why Solar Power? Lots of fuel! (4.5 by worth) Lots of fuel! (4.5 by worth) Every 15 minutes the sun produces enough solar power to supply the world for an entire year Every 15 minutes the sun produces enough solar power to supply the world for an entire year FREE! FREE!

19. Solar Energy Applications Gaining Ground! New Oil Projects Cannot Meet World Needs This Decade. New Oil Projects Cannot Meet World Needs This Decade. Solar Light For Churches of Africa Solar Light For Churches of Africa KSU Solar Car Racing Team KSU Solar Car Racing Team New Classes: HORT 640 New Classes: HORT 640