1. The Environmental Problems Caused by Snow-making on Ski Resorts By Frankie Chapin

2. Snow-making: A Brief History
Dr. Ray Ringer accidentally created man-made snow while studying the effects of rime icing on the intake of a jet engine.
Tey Manufacturing was responsible for the beginning of designing snow-making machines and receiving patents for such work.
Wayne Pierce was issued the first patent for a snow-making machine.
Alden Hanson created the “new technology” in snow-making, a fan snow-maker was created.
The first snow-making machines were installed in Killington Ski Resort in the early 1960’s.

3. Snow-making history cont.
Alden Hanson created the “new technology” in snow-making, a fan snow-maker was created.
The first snow-making machines were installed in Killington Ski Resort in the early 1960’s.

4. Snow-making’s use of Water
Using Sunday River Ski Resort in Maine
Their system can convert up to 9,000 gallons of water per minute to snow
That’s enough water to fill a standard 16x32 in ground swimming pool in just over two minutes

5. Snow-making’s water usage cont.
That much snow can make more than 3,100 cubic feet of snow each minute could cover a football field, including the endzones with over 3 and a half feet of snow
Sunday River still only uses about 20 percent of the water that the state lets them use

6. Sunday River’s water usage cont.
The amount of water used by Sunday River to make snow in a season is less than the amount of water needed to make 2 feet of natural snow storm.

7. Snow-making’s negative impacts
The river flow of the water that is used for snow-making is reduced about 2-9 percent at the time of withdrawl.
Increasing the amount of snow creates more water in the spring season

8. The Permitting Process
Every major developmental project in Vermont requires a series of permits from state, regional and local authorities
Act 250 Permit, from the District Environmental Commission, determines the environmental impacts and regulates the development of private land in the state of Vermont
People compare this permit to FERC dam licensing. It is very long, and hard and takes a lot of environmental research.
The Fish and Wildlife Service is also required to make sure that snow-making isn’t harming the fish in their habitat

9. Snow-making is not that bad
Throughout the 25 years of snow-making in Vermont, there has been no evidence of any loss in fish population
50 percent of the water used in snow-making is returned to the ground within 30 days
95 percent of the water used is returned by May.

10. Snow-making and running out of water
People worry about running out of water because of snow-making and this is not true
Most of the water used is returned to the ground after use
As long as the Ski Resorts go through the correct permits necessary, snow-making is a safe and not that bad of a thing to do