3. Mercury

4. Mercury Diameter- 3032 miles Circumference- 9,525.1 miles
So close to the sun, Mercury's surface temperature can reach a scorching 8400 F or 4500 C. Mercury does not have much of an atmosphere to entrap any heat, night temperatures can plummet to minus 275 F (minus 170 C), a temperature swing of more than 1,100 degrees F (600 degree C), the greatest in the solar system.
Diameter miles
Circumference- 9,525.1 miles
Distance from Sun-35,980,000
Revolution 88days Rotation Hrs days

6. Messenger
The probe took a long and looping trip through the inner solar system, relying on flybys of Earth, Venus and Mercury to slow down enough to be captured by Mercury's gravity. (Mercury lies very close to the sun, whose powerful gravitational pull would accelerate to great speeds spacecraft taking a direct route to the planet.)

7. Messenger
MESSENGER mapped the planet in unprecedented detail, discovered that Mercury hosts a strangely offset magnetic field and confirmed that permanently shadowed craters near Mercury's poles harbor deposits of water ice.

13. https://www.space.com/29281-messenger-spacecraft- mercury-crash.html

14. Venus

15. Venus is the second planet from the sun and our closest planetary neighbor.  Its thick atmosphere traps heat in a runaway greenhouse effect, making it the hottest planet in our solar system with surface temperatures hot enough to melt lead. Glimpses below the clouds reveal volcanoes and deformed mountains. Atmosphere is Carbon Dioxide and traces of nitrogen

16. Venus orbits the Sun at an average distance (108,000,000 km/67,000,000 mi) The planet completes an orbit every  days, meaning that a year on Venus is 61.5% as long as a year on Earth.
Diameter7360 miles Circumference 23,628 miles
Rotation 243 days Revolution days
Orbit speed  78,339 mph

17. Venus
Most planets in the Solar System, rotate on their axes in an counter-clockwise direction, Venus rotates clockwise (called “retrograde” rotation). It rotates very slowly, taking 243 Earth days to complete a single rotation. This is not only the slowest rotation period of any planet, it also means that a sidereal day on Venus lasts longer than a Venusian year.
A pressure 75 times that of the Earth's atmosphere is equivalent to the pressure experienced at an ocean depth of 2550 feet

19. Most circular orbit of any
planet in the Solar
System. it makes the
closest approach to
Earth of any planet,
at an average
distance
41 mil km/25.5 mil
miles making it the
 closest planet to
Earth. This takes place,
on average, once every 584 days.

38. Solar System Project Reminders Planning Data/Convey Information
Groups of
Stages
Stage 1
Planets
Sun
Stage 2
Solar System (structure
Keplar Objects
Dwarf Planets
Comets
Stage 3
Galaxy
Structure
Reminders
Planning
Data/Convey Information
Clarity
Neatness
Work ethic

39. Students can explain the concept of a gas giant
January 22, 2018
Students can explain the concept of a gas giant
Students understand the materials that make up the structure of a gas giant
Students understand the importance of the gravitational influence of the gas giants

41. Gas Giants
A gas giant is a large planet composed mostly of gases, such as hydrogen and helium, with a relatively small rocky core. The gas giants are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. These four large planets, also called jovian planets after Jupiter, reside in the outer part of the solar system past the orbits of Mars and the asteroid belt. Jupiter and Saturn are substantially larger than Uranus and Neptune, revealing that the pairs of planets have a somewhat different composition.

42. Jupiter -Largest planet in our solar system.
Its radius almost 11 times the size of Earth.
-Has 50 known moons and 17 waiting to be confirmed.
-Mostly made of hydrogen and helium surrounding a dense core of rocks and ice, with most of its bulk likely made up of liquid metallic hydrogen, which creates a huge magnetic field.
-Jupiter is visible with the naked eye.
Atmosphere -hydrogen, helium, ammonia, and methane.

43. the immense volume of Jupiter could hold more than 1,300 Earths.

50. *****Jupiters Red Spot ****
With tumultuous winds peaking at about 400 mph, the Great Red Spot has been swirling wildly over Jupiter’s skies for the past 150 years— maybe even much longer than that. While people saw a big spot in Jupiter as early as they started stargazing through telescopes in the 1600s, it is still unclear whether they were looking at a different storm. Today, scientists know the Great Red Spot is there and it’s been there for a while, but they still struggle to learn what causes its swirl of reddish hues.

53. Saturn Saturn seen with the naked eye. Saturn is the flattest planet.
Saturn orbits the Sun once every 29.4 Earth years. Saturn has oval-shaped storms similar to Jupiter’s.
Saturn is made mostly of hydrogen.
Saturn has the most extensive rings in the solar system.
Saturn has 150 moons and smaller moonlets.
Four spacecraft have visited Saturn. Pioneer 11, Voyager 1 and 2, and the Cassini-Huygens mission have all studied the planet. Cassini continues to orbit Saturn, sending back a wealth of data about the planet, its moons, and rings.

54. 764 Earths could fit into Saturn

59. Saturn Equatorial Diameter: 120,536 km Polar Diameter: 108,728 km
Mass:
5.68 × 10^26 kg (95 Earths)
Moons:
62 (Titan, Enceladus, Iapetus & Rhea)
Rings:
30+ (7 Groups)
Orbit Distance:
1,426,666,422 km (9.54 AU)
Orbit Period:
10,756 days (29.5 years)
Effective Temperature:
-178 °C
First Record:
8th century BC
Recorded By:
Assyrians

60. Saturns Rings
The rings of Saturn are the most extensive ring system of any planet in the Solar System. They consist of countless small particles, ranging from μm to m in size, that orbit about Saturn. The ring particles are made almost entirely of water ice, with a trace component of rocky material.

62. URANUS

63. Uranus
The 7th planet from the sun -third largest diameter in our solar system, Uranus is very cold and windy, surrounded by 13 faint rings and 27 small moons. Rotates at a nearly 90-degree angle from the plane of its orbit. Makes Uranus appear to spin on its side, orbiting the sun like a rolling ball.
The first planet found with the aid of a telescope, Uranus was discovered in 1781 by astronomer William Herschel.

65. Size and Distance
With a radius of 15,759.2 miles -Uranus is 4 times wider than Earth.
It takes sunlight 2 hours and 40 minutes to travel from the sun to Uranus.
One day on Uranus takes about 17 hours (the time it takes for Uranus to rotate or spin once). Uranus makes a complete orbit around the sun in about 84 Earth years (30,687 Earth days).

66. Uranus is the only planet whose equator is nearly at a right angle to its orbit, with a tilt of degrees (Optional to Copy)This unique tilt causes the most extreme seasons in the solar system. For nearly a quarter of each Uranian year, the sun shines directly over each pole, plunging the other half of the planet into a 21-year-long, dark winter.
Uranus is also one of just two planets that rotate in the opposite direction than most of the planets (Venus is the other one), from east to west.

68. Structure
80 percent or more) of the planet's mass is made up of a hot dense fluid of "icy" materials - water, methane and ammonia - above a small rocky core. Near the core, it heats up to 9,000 degrees Fahrenheit
Uranus gets its blue-green color from methane gas in the atmosphere.
(Optional to Copy) Sunlight passes through the atmosphere and is reflected back out by Uranus' cloud tops. Methane gas absorbs the red portion of the light, resulting in a blue-green color.

72. Neptune

73. Neptune
Only one mission has flown by Neptune – Voyager 2 in 1989 – meaning that astronomers have done most studies using ground-based telescopes.
Neptune's elliptical, oval-shaped orbit keeps the planet an average distance from the sun of almost 2.8 billion miles (or roughly 30 times as far away as Earth, making it invisible to the naked eye. Neptune goes around the sun once roughly every 165 Earth years, and completed its first orbit, since being discovered, in 2011.
Every 248 years, Pluto moves inside Neptune's orbit for 20 years or so, during which time it is closer to the sun than Neptune. Nevertheless, Neptune remains the farthest planet from the sun, since Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006.

75. Composition: The overall composition of Neptune is, by mass, thought to be about 25 percent rock, 60 to 70 percent ice, and 5 to 15 percent hydrogen and helium, Internal structure: Mantle of water, ammonia and methane ices; Core of iron and magnesium-silicate

77. Neptune has 14 known moons, named after lesser sea gods and nymphs from Greek mythology. The largest by far is Triton, Triton is the only spherical moon of Neptune — the planet's other 13 moons are irregularly shaped. It is also unique in being the only large moon in the solar system to circle its planet in a direction opposite to its planet's rotation — this "retrograde orbit" suggests that Triton may once have been a dwarf planet that Neptune captured rather than forming in place, according to NASA. Neptune's gravity is dragging Triton closer to the planet, meaning that millions of years from now, Triton will come close enough for gravitational forces to rip it apart.

79. Why do planets rotate
Most experts believe planets probably acquired their spin in much the same way, when clumps of matter collided during the planets’ formation about 4.5 billion years ago.
But why do they spin in the same direction? When our solar system was nothing but a cloud of gas and dust, what was likely a shock wave from a nearby supernova bounced up against it and caused it to collapse. As it collapsed, its own gravitational forces pulled it into a flat, spinning disk. (PIZZA Crust Analogy) And since everything in our solar system was formed from that same disk, its momentum sent nearly everything spinning in the same direction. (Notable exceptions include Uranus and Venus, whose odd spins probably stem from subsequent collisions with asteroids.)