1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM EXCHANGE OF GASES
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Robert J. Sullivan, Marist College
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
EXCHANGE OF GASES
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

2. Bell Work
What are the normal respirations per minute for an adult?
What gases are exchanged when we breath?
3. Have you ever or do you have a story about respiratory distress that you would share with class?

3. Standard
19) Identify and perform skills to manage life threatening illnesses based on assessment findings of a pediatric, adult, and geriatric patient with medical emergencies identifying anatomical structures involved. Utilize rubrics from textbooks, National HOSA guidelines, or clinical standards of practice in the following areas: Anaphylaxis and Respiratory distress/Asthma 20) Use assessment information to recognize shock, respiratory failure or arrest, and cardiac arrest based on assessment findings. Demonstrate the ability to manage the situation while awaiting additional emergency response.

4. Objective
By the end of class, students will be able to identify major structures in the respiratory system
Explain the basic process of ventilation

5. Intro to Respiratory System

6. QUESTION
Looking at following picture, why does the right lung have 3 lobes and the left lung only have 2 lobes?

9. The Respiratory System
Function:
exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide
between the blood, air, and tissues.

10. What is Human Respiration/Ventilation?
Breathing consists of two phases, inspiration and expiration
Inspiration- the process of taking in air (O2)
Expiration- the process of blowing out air (CO2)

11. Organs of the Respiratory system
Nose/Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs – alveoli
Figure 13.1
Slide 13.1
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

12. Organs in the Respiratory System
STRUCTURE
FUNCTION
nose / nasal cavity
 warms, moistens, & filters air as it is inhaled
pharynx (throat)
 passageway for air, leads to trachea
larynx
 the voice box, where vocal chords are located
trachea (windpipe)
 keeps the windpipe "open"  trachea is lined with fine hairs called cilia which filter air before it reaches the lungs
bronchi
 two branches at the end of the trachea, each lead to a lung
bronchioles
 a network of smaller branches leading from the bronchi into the lung tissue & ultimately to air sacs
alveoli
 the functional respiratory units in the lung where gases are exchanged

13. Key Structures:
Pleural cavity: thin film of serous fluid that lubricates pleural surfaces, reducing friction. Holds together pleural membranes
Diaphragm:
Muscle that controls breathing by moving up & down
Divides chest cavity from abdominal cavity
Moves UP on inspiration and Down on expiration
Epiglottis: flap that closes when food or water is swallowed. Covers opening of trachea.

14. Function of the Respiratory System
Exchange of gasses takes place within the lungs in the alveoli (only site of gas exchange, other structures passageways)
Passageways to the lungs purify, warm, and humidify the incoming air
Shares responsibility with cardiovascular system

15. Components of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Figure 10.2

16. Upper Respiratory Tract Functions
Passageway for respiration
Receptors for smell
Filters incoming air to filter larger foreign material
Moistens and warms incoming air
Resonating chambers for voice (voice box)

17. Components of the Lower Respiratory Tract
Figure 10.3

18. Lower Respiratory Tract
Functions:
Larynx: maintains an open airway, routes food and air appropriately, assists in sound production
Trachea: transports air to and from lungs
Bronchi: branch into lungs
Lungs: transport air to alveoli for gas exchange
Alveoli: Gas exchange occurs

19. Aspects of the Respiratory System
Control
Ventilation occurs under the control of the nervous system
Inhalation
Initiated by the diaphragm. The diaphragm contracts, the ribcage expands and abdomen moves downward.

20. Exhalation Gas Exchange Vocalization
This is a passive activity. Diaphragm relaxes.
Gas Exchange
Respiratory system main function.
Vocalization
Vibration of air across the vocal cords results in sound

21. GAS EXCHANGE
Oxygen diffuses into the blood & carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood out into the lung
Breathing: The taking in of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide waste into the air
Diaphragm: Muscle that controls breathing by moving up & down

22. Flow of O2 through the body
O2 Enters the body Nose or mouth Pharynx Larynx Trachea

23. Flow of O2 through the body
Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli (O2 and CO2 Exchange) Circulatory System

24. How Ventilation Works It starts at the Nose or mouth
Air enters Pharynx
Your nervous system triggers your diaphragm to contract. You inhale.
Epiglottis is open, Larynx is below epiglottis
Air travels to the back of your throat and down the trachea.

25. How Ventilation Works
The trachea divides into two parts called bronchial tubes.
The bronchial tubes are lined with tiny hairs called cilia. Cilia move back and forth, carrying mucus up and out.
As Bronchi travel through the lungs, they divide into smaller tubes (Bronchioles) with tiny balloon like sacs on the end.
These air sacs are called alveoli.
The alveoli are surrounded by a mesh of tiny blood vessels called capillaries .

26. How Ventilation Works
Here, oxygen from the inhaled air passes through the alveoli walls and into the blood or circulatory system.
Blood leaves the lungs and is carried to the heart where it is pumped through the body.
As the body uses the oxygen, carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed into the blood. Your blood carries the carbon dioxide back to your lungs, where it is removed from the body when your diaphragm relaxes and you exhale.

28. Respiratory Cycle
Figure 10.9

29. Lung Lab Questions to reflect in notebook
When you push and pull the handle to move the plastic in and out. What do you observe?
Hold the bottle so the mouth is near your cheek and move the surface of the plastic in and out. What do you feel?
Which organ do you think the plastic piece represents? The plastic bottle?
Extra mucus forms in lungs during a cold or in some diseases. Add a spoonful of water to the ballon. Try to push and pull on the plastic. What happens and why?