1. European & U.S. pressure in asia

2. Reason & areas of control by 1895
Trade increased economic benefits
Britain
India and Burma
Spain
Philippines
Netherlands
East Indies (Indonesia)
France
Indochina (Vietnam, Kampuchea, & Laos)

3. Central Asia 1865-1876 Russia took Central Asia
Lands given to Russian farmers
Nomads faced starvation
Large growing Muslim population but did not attempt to change local customs
Railroads built

4. Southeast asia & Indonesia
Until mid-1800s, mostly independent kingdoms
Fertile soil, warm climate, rain, great irrigation, & terracing
Rubber
Burma gradually taken over by British
Indochina fell to the French
Dutch took East Indies
Only Siam (Thailand) remained independent
Benefits of colonial rule—peace & reliable food supply
Europeans not successful in Christian conversion

5. Hawaii & Philippines U.S. looking for more markets
1878 U.S. obtained Samoa & Pearl Harbor as naval bases
Settlers then defeated Queen of Hawaii; seen as stepping stone to Asia
Farmers imported from Japan
1896 nationalist movement in Philippines declared it free from Spain
U.S. went to war with Spain over Cuba & won
U.S. paid $20 million for Philippines
U.S. put down rebellions & implemented public works projects to subdue the people—roads, harbors, railroads
1916 – U.S. promised full independence in 30 years