1. The Cell

2. The Cell Theory All living things are made of one or more _____.
The cell is the basic unit of _____ and _____ of living things.
Cells come only from _____ ______ _____.

3. The Cell Theory All living things are made of cells.
The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of living things.
Cells come only from other living cells.

4. ORGANIZATION ORGANISM ORGAN SYSTEM ORGAN TISSUE CELL
Human, mouse, oak tree
ORGAN SYSTEM
Digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular
ORGAN
Stomach, lungs, heart
TISSUE
Muscle, nerve, fat
CELL
Bone, nerve, blood

5. Every cell has 3 basic parts:

6. PLASMA MEMBRANE Flexible; Selectively permeable
Also called CELL MEMBRANE
Flexible; Selectively permeable
Controls what enters & leaves the cell
Maintains homeostasis

7. The cell membrane is very complex.
It is made of two layers of lipids
With proteins embedded within the lipid layer.

8. CYTOPLASM gel-like cell material
Holds cell parts (organelles)

9. NUCLEUS
Round, sphere-shaped
controls cell activities;
contains DNA

10. In addition, cells have the following organelles:

11. CELL WALL made of cellulose Rigid & nonliving Protection & support
Plant cells, fungal cells, & bacteria cells

12. CHLOROPLAST Oval structures Contain green pigment: CHLOROPHYLL
Carry out photosynthesis
Only in plant cells (& some bacteria/
protists)

13. RIBOSOMES
Small, grainy
Where proteins are made

14. GOLGI BODIES Look like flattened sacs Where proteins are packaged
Also called GOLGI APPARATUS
Look like flattened sacs
Where proteins are packaged

15. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Ribbon-like network of membranes
Transport proteins and other materials through cell (rough ER)
Also makes lipids (smooth ER)
Chemical reactions take place here

16. MITOCHONDRION Oval-shaped structure many folded membranes inside
Function is to make energy

17. VACUOLE Membrane-bound space Stores food, water, or wastes
ANIMAL cells: have many small food vacuoles
PLANT cells: have one large water vacuole

18. LYSOSOME Little vesicles that contain digestive enzymes
They break down materials
EX: food, bacteria
“suicide sacs”…if enzymes are released into cell they digest cell parts

19. CYTOSKELETON provides support for cell
MICROTUBULES: hollow, rod-shaped structures; support
MICROFILAMENTS: thin, thread-like structures; help move cytoplasm & cell materials

20. LOCOMOTION structures for movement
CILIA: short, hair-like, projections; move in wave-like motion
FLAGELLA: long, filaments that move in whip-like motion

21. PROKARYOTE OR EUKARYOTE?B A

22. Comparing Cells
PROKARYOTIC: cells that lack a nucleus & membrane-bound organelles
PRO = NO (nucleus)
EX: bacteria
EUKARYOTIC: cells that have a nucleus & membrane-bound organelles
EU = YOU HAVE IT
EX: plant & animal cells

23. So what do these cells have in common?
Cell membrane
DNA
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm

24. Plant vs. Animal

25. PLANT CELLS:
Definite shape
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Single large vacuole
Vacuole stores water

26. ANIMAL CELLS:
Varied shapes
No cell wall
No chloroplast
Many small vacuoles
Vacuoles store food & waste

27. So what do these cells have in common?
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
DNA
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
vacuoles

28. Types of cells

29. amoeba

30. Euglena

31. paramecium