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The Cell.

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Presentation on theme: "The Cell."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Cell

2 The Cell Theory All living things are made of one or more _____.
The cell is the basic unit of _____ and _____ of living things. Cells come only from _____ ______ _____.

3 The Cell Theory All living things are made of cells.
The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of living things. Cells come only from other living cells.

4 ORGANIZATION ORGANISM ORGAN SYSTEM ORGAN TISSUE CELL
Human, mouse, oak tree ORGAN SYSTEM Digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular ORGAN Stomach, lungs, heart TISSUE Muscle, nerve, fat CELL Bone, nerve, blood

5 Every cell has 3 basic parts:

6 PLASMA MEMBRANE Flexible; Selectively permeable
Also called CELL MEMBRANE Flexible; Selectively permeable Controls what enters & leaves the cell Maintains homeostasis

7 The cell membrane is very complex.
It is made of two layers of lipids With proteins embedded within the lipid layer.

8 CYTOPLASM gel-like cell material
Holds cell parts (organelles)

9 NUCLEUS Round, sphere-shaped controls cell activities; contains DNA

10 In addition, cells have the following organelles:

11 CELL WALL made of cellulose Rigid & nonliving Protection & support
Plant cells, fungal cells, & bacteria cells

12 CHLOROPLAST Oval structures Contain green pigment: CHLOROPHYLL
Carry out photosynthesis Only in plant cells (& some bacteria/ protists)

13 RIBOSOMES Small, grainy Where proteins are made

14 GOLGI BODIES Look like flattened sacs Where proteins are packaged
Also called GOLGI APPARATUS Look like flattened sacs Where proteins are packaged

15 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Ribbon-like network of membranes Transport proteins and other materials through cell (rough ER) Also makes lipids (smooth ER) Chemical reactions take place here

16 MITOCHONDRION Oval-shaped structure many folded membranes inside
Function is to make energy

17 VACUOLE Membrane-bound space Stores food, water, or wastes
ANIMAL cells: have many small food vacuoles PLANT cells: have one large water vacuole

18 LYSOSOME Little vesicles that contain digestive enzymes
They break down materials EX: food, bacteria “suicide sacs”…if enzymes are released into cell they digest cell parts

19 CYTOSKELETON provides support for cell
MICROTUBULES: hollow, rod-shaped structures; support MICROFILAMENTS: thin, thread-like structures; help move cytoplasm & cell materials

20 LOCOMOTION structures for movement
CILIA: short, hair-like, projections; move in wave-like motion FLAGELLA: long, filaments that move in whip-like motion

21 PROKARYOTE OR EUKARYOTE?
B A

22 Comparing Cells PROKARYOTIC: cells that lack a nucleus & membrane-bound organelles PRO = NO (nucleus) EX: bacteria EUKARYOTIC: cells that have a nucleus & membrane-bound organelles EU = YOU HAVE IT EX: plant & animal cells

23 So what do these cells have in common?
Cell membrane DNA Ribosomes Cytoplasm

24 Plant vs. Animal

25 PLANT CELLS: Definite shape Cell wall Chloroplast Single large vacuole Vacuole stores water

26 ANIMAL CELLS: Varied shapes No cell wall No chloroplast Many small vacuoles Vacuoles store food & waste

27 So what do these cells have in common?
Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus DNA Ribosomes Mitochondria vacuoles

28 Types of cells

29 amoeba

30 Euglena

31 paramecium


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