1. Daily Starter
How is it that Fluorine can replace Hydrogen in pharmaceuticals and anesthetics?

2. Intro to Acids & Bases Definitions Properties Uses

3. Arrhenius Acids and Bases
Svante Arrhenius, a Swedish chemist (1859 – 1927)
Understood that acids and bases conducted electric current
Therefore, he theorized that acids and bases must produce ions in solution

4. Arrhenius Acids
Arrhenius acid – chemical compound that increases the concentration of Hydrogen ions, [H+] (a.k.a. proton)
In other words, an acid will ionize in solution to increase the number of protons (H+)

5. HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl– A. Definitions Acids
Ionize (to separate into ions) to form hydronium ions (H3O+) in water
HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl–

6. Arrhenius Bases
An Arrhenius base is a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions [OH- ] in aqueous solution
In other words, a base will increase the number of OH- ions

7. NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- A. Definitions Bases
Dissociate or ionize to form hydroxide ions (OH-) in water
NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH-

8. Bronsted-Lowrey Acids & Bases
Bronsted-Lowrey Acid: molecule or ion that is a proton donor
Bronsted-Lowrey Base: molecule or ion that is a proton acceptor

9. A. Definitions Indicator
substance that changes color in an acid or base
Examples:
litmus - red/blue
phenolphthalein - colorless/pink
goldenrod - yellow/red
red cabbage juice - pink/green

10. B. Properties ACIDS BASES sour taste corrosive electrolytes
turn litmus red
react with metals to form H2 gas
bitter taste
corrosive
electrolytes
turn litmus blue
slippery feel

11. C. Uses ACIDS H3PO4 - soft drinks, fertilizer, detergents
H2SO4 - fertilizer, car batteries
HCl - gastric juice
HC2H3O2 - vinegar

12. C. Uses BASES NaOH - lye, drain and oven cleaner
Mg(OH)2 - laxative, antacid
NH3 - cleaners, fertilizer