1. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry
Chapter 3
Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry

3. nitrile
nitro

5. Drawing Isomers of Organic Molecules

6. Drawing Isomers of Organic Molecules

7. Naming Organic Molecules

9. Naming Alkanes

11. Naming Alkyl Groups Some alkanes have nonsystematic, common names
Three-carbon alkyl group
Four-carbon alkyl groups
Five-carbon alkyl groups

12. Naming Organic Molecules
p. 84

13. p. 82

14. Molecular Conformations
p. 84

15. Molecular Conformations
Ethane

16. Newman Projections
Melvin Spencer Newman

17. Molecular Conformations
Dihedral angle

18. Figure 3.7
A graph of potential energy versus bond rotation in ethane. The staggered conformers are 12 kJ/mol lower in energy than the eclipsed conformers.
Fig. 3-7, p. 92

19. Hyperconjugation in Ethane
s*-antibonding orbital
s-bonding orbital

20. Overlap= 0.173
Overlap= 0.087

21. Molecular Conformations
Propane

22. Molecular Conformations
Butane

23. Figure 3.9
A plot of potential energy versus rotation for the C2–C3 bond in butane. The energy maximum occurs when the two methyl groups eclipse each other, and the energy minimum occurs when the two methyl groups are 180° apart (anti). Go to this book’s student companion site at to explore an interactive version of this figure.
Fig. 3-9, p. 95

24. Table 3-5, p. 95

25. End