1. Ch 7.1: Cellular Theory

2. Microscopes: Compound Light Microscope
Most common microscopes
Light passes through the object in order to see it
Example: Plant cells / Animal cells
Since the light scatters when it passes through the object,
you can only see objects clearly up to 1000 times
Since most cells are glass-like, you have to use stains to be able to see the cells
Certain stains will stain specific organelles / cells certain color
Example: Methyl Blue  acidic cell parts blue
Example: Iodine  carbs in plants and animals brown and glycogen red

3. Microscopes: Electron Microscope
Focus beams of electrons using magnetic fields to see even smaller cells
Examples: RNA / DNA
Two Types:
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM): looking through a thin-sliced sample
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM): scans over the surface of the species
They can be used to see cells that are 1 billionth of a meter in size
Only used to see the cells of non living thing because electrons are easily scattered by molecules in the air; so, the sample must be placed in a vaccum and need to be chemically preserved

4. Cell Theory Cells: the most basic unit of living things
Robert Hooke found living cells in the cork of plants
Anton van Leeuwenhoek found living cells in a sample of water, as well as bacteria in his own mouth
Cell Theory
All living things are made up of cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living cells
New cells come from existing cells

5. Cell Types: Prokaryote
Smaller and Simpler
Has an outer cell membrane
DNA is NOT enclosed in a nucleus
They must do the 9 things to be considered living
Example: bacteria

6. Cell Types: Eukaryote Larger and more complex
Has an outer cell membrane
DNA is enclosed in a nucleus
Has cellular membranes that are specialized for certain functions
Some are unicellular (uni- = one) → protists
Some are multicellular (multi- = more than one) → plants and animals

7. Plant Cell
Animal Cell