1. Managing a Statewide Network An overview of the CDOT Pavement Management Program Eric Chavez 303.398.6565 Stephen Henry303.398.6579

2. Pavement Management Inputs/Processing/Outputs Pavement Management Models Regional Project Inventories DTD data (Traffic and Climate Zones) Roadway Condition Data Index Equations Remaining Service Life Roadway Images and Inventory Good/Fair/Poor Maps (Current Network Condition) Future 20-Year Network Condition Projections Project Costs and Benefits Project Recommendation Lists Resurfacing Funding Allocations Maintenance Project Info CDOT Chief Engineers Objectives (Matching Projects)

3. Regional Project Inventories Maintained and owned by the Regions. Maintained and owned by the Regions. Historical catalogue of all recorded projects on every highway Historical catalogue of all recorded projects on every highway –Year of construction. –Thickness of asphalt or concrete. –Maintenance history.

4. Division of Transportation Development (DTD) Data Traffic loading (20-year ESALs.) Traffic loading (20-year ESALs.) Climate zones. Climate zones. Highway limits. Highway limits.

5. Roadway Condition Data Collected annually. Collected annually. Over 11,000-miles of Colorado highways. Over 11,000-miles of Colorado highways. Digital Images of highways, shoulders, and pavement. Digital Images of highways, shoulders, and pavement. Surface distress and severity collected from the digital images in accordance with the Distress Identification Manual for the Long-Term Pavement Performance Program. Surface distress and severity collected from the digital images in accordance with the Distress Identification Manual for the Long-Term Pavement Performance Program. Data reported on 1/10-mile intervals Data reported on 1/10-mile intervals

6. Condition Data Distress Types: Distress Types: –Fatigue cracking –Longitudinal cracking –Transverse cracking –Corner breaks –Ride quality as IRI –Rutting Cracking Distress Severities: Cracking Distress Severities: –Low –Moderate –High Roadway Images Roadway Images Corner break Fatigue cracking

7. Index Equations Transforms raw distress values into a standardized scale. Transforms raw distress values into a standardized scale. Scale: 0 – 100. Scale: 0 – 100. 100 is a flawless pavement, no distresses. 100 is a flawless pavement, no distresses. Value of 50 is an RSL of 0. Value of 50 is an RSL of 0. One index for each distress. One index for each distress. =100- =100- (.(.(.(. Distress LOW + Distress MOD + Distress HIGH ).).).). 100 100 MAX LOW MAX MOD MAX HIGH

8. Maintenance Work Maintenance activities are reported into the system. Maintenance activities are reported into the system. The Pavement Management Program is currently investigating more efficient ways to account for preventive maintenance efforts. The Pavement Management Program is currently investigating more efficient ways to account for preventive maintenance efforts.

9. Pavement Management Inputs/Processing/Outputs Pavement Management Models Regional Project Inventories DTD data (Traffic and Climate Zones) Roadway Condition Data Index Equations Remaining Service Life Roadway Images and Inventory Good/Fair/Poor Maps (Current Network Condition) Future 20-Year Network Condition Projections Project Costs and Benefits Project Recommendation Lists Resurfacing Funding Allocations Maintenance Project Info CDOT Chief Engineers Objectives (Matching Projects)

10. Remaining Service Life (RSL) Definition The estimated number of years, from a specified date in time, until a pavement section reaches the threshold distress index. RSL is a function of the distress level and rate of deterioration. (Pavement Management Manual) The estimated number of years, from a specified date in time, until a pavement section reaches the threshold distress index. RSL is a function of the distress level and rate of deterioration. (Pavement Management Manual) RSL = 0 : The point where a pavements condition has reached a remaining service life of zero years due to distresses and age. The Remaining Service Life pertains to the last treatment and not necessarily the entire pavement. A project level investigation of the pavement is necessary to determine the best, most cost-effective treatment. (Pavement Management Manual) RSL = 0 : The point where a pavements condition has reached a remaining service life of zero years due to distresses and age. The Remaining Service Life pertains to the last treatment and not necessarily the entire pavement. A project level investigation of the pavement is necessary to determine the best, most cost-effective treatment. (Pavement Management Manual)

11. RSL: Site-Specific Regression Curve RSL 17 – 8 = 9 Threshold Index = 50 (RSL = 0) Threshold Age Current Age Requirements 5 years worth of data. St Dev. <10 R 2 >= 0.5

12. RSL: Family Regression Curve RSL 27 – 21 = 6 Threshold Age Current Age Requirements Site 5 years worth of data. St Dev. <10 R 2 >= 0.5

13. RSL: Expert Opinion Curve RSL 13 – 2 = 11 Threshold Age Current Age Requirements 5 years worth of data. St Dev. <10 R2 >= 0.5 Engineering Experience

14. RSL: Why? RSLs are a way to take detailed data and generalize it for network level pavement management. RSLs are a way to take detailed data and generalize it for network level pavement management. RSLs quantify the life expectancy of a given project, which is valuable information that can be used for practical purposes. RSLs quantify the life expectancy of a given project, which is valuable information that can be used for practical purposes.

15. RSL: Scope of Calculation 11,000 miles of data collected. 11,000 miles of data collected. –Approximately 3,700 projects (0.5-5.0 Miles in length) Each Project has five distresses. Each Project has five distresses. –Each distress on each project needs a performance curve 200 distinct pavement families 200 distinct pavement families –Each pavement family needs a regression curve for each of the five distresses

16. RSL & Maintenance RSL are augmented by one or two years depending upon the type and timeframe of recent maintenance activities. RSL are augmented by one or two years depending upon the type and timeframe of recent maintenance activities. The Pavement Management Program is currently investigating more efficient ways to account for preventive maintenance efforts. The Pavement Management Program is currently investigating more efficient ways to account for preventive maintenance efforts.

17. Pavement Management Inputs/Processing/Outputs Pavement Management Models Regional Project Inventories DTD data (Traffic and Climate Zones) Roadway Condition Data Index Equations Remaining Service Life Roadway Images and Inventory Good/Fair/Poor Maps (Current Network Condition) Future 20-Year Network Condition Projections Project Costs and Benefits Project Recommendation Lists Resurfacing Funding Allocations Maintenance Project Info CDOT Chief Engineers Objectives (Matching Projects)

18. Project Costs and Benefits Treatments: Preventive Maintenance Preventive Maintenance is a category of treatment that includes any thing from crack seals to chip seals to thin overlays (< 2 inches) Preventive Maintenance is a category of treatment that includes any thing from crack seals to chip seals to thin overlays (< 2 inches) Cost: $6.50/yd 2 Cost: $6.50/yd 2 Trigger: Trigger: –RSL >= 6 –AND all distress index values >= 81 Benefit: Ranges from 1 year to 5, based upon traffic Benefit: Ranges from 1 year to 5, based upon traffic

19. Treatments: Minor Rehabilitation Minor Rehabilitation includes most treatments that range 2 – 4 inches in depth. Minor Rehabilitation includes most treatments that range 2 – 4 inches in depth. Cost: $30.00/yd 2 Cost: $30.00/yd 2 Trigger: Trigger: –RSL 2 - 6 –AND at least one distress index values between 61-80 Benefit: Ranges from 7 year to 12, based upon traffic Benefit: Ranges from 7 year to 12, based upon traffic

20. Treatments: Major Rehabilitation Major Rehabilitation includes most treatments greater than 4 inches. Major Rehabilitation includes most treatments greater than 4 inches. Cost: $41.00/yd 2 Cost: $41.00/yd 2 Trigger: Trigger: –RSL <= 5 –AND at least one distress index values between 45 - 70 Benefit: Ranges from 13 year to 20, based upon traffic Benefit: Ranges from 13 year to 20, based upon traffic

21. Treatments: Reconstruction Reconstruction is a treatment that replaces the entire surface and supporting structure of a highway. Reconstruction is a treatment that replaces the entire surface and supporting structure of a highway. Cost: $166.50/yd 2 Cost: $166.50/yd 2 Trigger: Trigger: –RSL = 0 –AND at least one distress index <= 50 Benefit: 25 years Benefit: 25 years

22. Pavement Management Inputs/Processing/Outputs Pavement Management Models Regional Project Inventories DTD data (Traffic and Climate Zones) Roadway Condition Data Index Equations Remaining Service Life Roadway Images and Inventory Good/Fair/Poor Maps (Current Network Condition) Future 20-Year Network Condition Projections Project Costs and Benefits Project Recommendation Lists Resurfacing Funding Allocations Maintenance Project Info CDOT Chief Engineers Objectives (Matching Projects)

23. Good/Fair/Poor Ratings Good/Fair/Poor (G/F/P) - The G/F/P designation is a categorization of a pavements RSL. A Good pavement section has an RSL greater than or equal to 11 years. A Fair pavement section has an RSL equal to 6 and less than or equal to 10 years. A Poor project has an RSL of 5 years or less. Good/Fair/Poor (G/F/P) - The G/F/P designation is a categorization of a pavements RSL. A Good pavement section has an RSL greater than or equal to 11 years. A Fair pavement section has an RSL equal to 6 and less than or equal to 10 years. A Poor project has an RSL of 5 years or less. Good: RSL >= 11Good: RSL >= 11 Fair: RSL >=6 and =6 and <=10 Poor: RSL <= 5Poor: RSL <= 5

24. G/F/P Map: CDOT Network

25. G/F/P: CDOT Network 2011 Condition Distribution 2011 Condition Distribution Good: 28% (3,067 miles)Good: 28% (3,067 miles) Fair: 20% (2,167 miles)Fair: 20% (2,167 miles) Poor: 18% (2,062 miles)Poor: 18% (2,062 miles) Poor-0: 34% (3,691 miles)Poor-0: 34% (3,691 miles)

26. 20-Year Condition Projection

27. Resurfacing Funding Allocations Regional Funding Allocation Equation 5P= the sum of the previous five years of resurfacing funds for a given Region. 5P= the sum of the previous five years of resurfacing funds for a given Region. 10F = the sum of the predicted ten years of resurfacing funds for a given Region, as optimized by the Pavement Management models. 10F = the sum of the predicted ten years of resurfacing funds for a given Region, as optimized by the Pavement Management models. 2 X 5P + 10F 20

28. Resurfacing Funding Allocation Regional Funding Allocation - Continued 90% of Regional funding is based upon the equation. 90% of Regional funding is based upon the equation. 10% of Regional funding is allocated based upon miles of RSL=0 roads in the Region. 10% of Regional funding is allocated based upon miles of RSL=0 roads in the Region.

29. Project Recommendation The Pavement Management Program selects the treatment with the greatest benefit at the lowest cost. That treatment is applied at the best possible time in the life of the project. The Pavement Management Program selects the treatment with the greatest benefit at the lowest cost. That treatment is applied at the best possible time in the life of the project. Traffic is a weighted factor in the benefit that tips the cost-benefit ratio in favor of higher-traveled highways. Traffic is a weighted factor in the benefit that tips the cost-benefit ratio in favor of higher-traveled highways.

30. Chief Engineers Objectives Regions run their Region-Specific models and generate a list of the most cost effective projects in their Region. This list is used to create the Regions 3-year resurfacing plan. Regions run their Region-Specific models and generate a list of the most cost effective projects in their Region. This list is used to create the Regions 3-year resurfacing plan. Chief Engineer Objective: 70% of planned resurfacing projects match Pavement Management Recommendations. Chief Engineer Objective: 70% of planned resurfacing projects match Pavement Management Recommendations. –Currently achieving 76% match.

31. Pavement Management Inputs/Processing/Outputs Pavement Management Models Regional Project Inventories DTD data (Traffic and Climate Zones) Roadway Condition Data Index Equations Remaining Service Life Roadway Images and Inventory Good/Fair/Poor Maps (Current Network Condition) Future 20-Year Network Condition Projections Project Costs and Benefits Project Recommendation Lists Resurfacing Funding Allocations Maintenance Project Info CDOT Chief Engineers Objectives (Matching Projects)