1. International University of Japan
Web Accessibility
Hun Myoung Park, Ph.D.,
Public Management and Policy Analysis Program
Graduate School of International Relations
International University of Japan

2. E-government E-government Act of 2002, U.S.A.
2458/text,§3601.3
“Use by the Government of Web-based applications and other information technologies,
combined with processes that that implement these technologies, …” (colored by the presenter)

3. 3
Oversight (Sec. 2 a.7)
“To take full advantage of the improved Government performance that can be achieved through the use of Internet-based technology requires strong leadership, better organization, improved interagency collaboration, and more focused oversight of agency compliance with statutes related to information resource management.” (underlined by the presenter)

4. 4
Accessibility (Sec. 2.b.11)
“To provide enhanced access to Government information and services in a manner consistent with laws regarding protection of personal privacy, national security, records retention, access for persons with disabilities, and other relevant laws.” (Sec. 2 b.11) (underlined by the presenter)

5. Usability & Accessibility
Web usability is the measure of effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction of using Web to achieve goals.
Web accessibility is to make Web sites accessible to people with and without disabilities no matter what operating systems and browsing devices they are using.
Both are closely related.

6. Usability Checklists Design and layout Color contrast and text sizes
Attention and flow of control
Scrolling
Navigations
Error prevention and correction
New interfaces and technology
Cross-OS and cross-browsers support

7. Web Accessibility 1
Becker (2008), “Federal government is the largest technology consumer and… influences the design and manufacture of accessible technologies and supporting products.” (p.142)
People who have who visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, neurological, and temporary disabilities
Adults with weak vision, motion, etc.

8. Web Accessibility 2 Rehabilitation Act of 1998 (Section 508)
“When Federal agencies develop, procure, maintain, or use electronic and information technology, Federal employees with disabilities have access to and use of information and data that is comparable to the access and use by Federal employees who are not individuals with disabilities, unless an undue burden would be imposed on the agency.” §1194.1

9. Web Accessibility 3 Both service provision and client sides
“Individuals with disabilities, who are members of the public seeking information or services from a Federal agency, have access to and use of information and data that is comparable to that provided to the public who are not individuals with disabilities, unless an undue burden would be imposed on the agency.” §1194.1

10. Accessibility Checklists
Labeling (provide alternative texts) in forms, images, anchors, video, and audio
Scripts and plug-ins (javascript, ActivX, flash, Applets)
Color contrasts and font sizes
Frames, popup, tables
Structured organizations
Keyboard and assistive technologies

11. WCAG 1.0
1. Provide equivalent alternatives to auditory and visual content.
2. Don't rely on color alone.
3. Use markup and style sheets and do so properly.
4. Clarify natural language usage
5. Create tables that transform gracefully.

12. WCAG 1.0
6. Ensure that pages featuring new technologies transform gracefully.
7. Ensure user control of time-sensitive content changes.
8. Ensure direct accessibility of embedded user interfaces.
9. Design for device-independence.
10. Use interim solutions.

13. WCAG 1.0 11. Use W3C technologies and guidelines.
12. Provide context and orientation information.
13. Provide clear navigation mechanisms.
14. Ensure that documents are clear and simple.

14. HTML 508 Checklist General visual checks, code inspection
Keyboard navigation
Sites containing color, links
Sites containing images, audio/video
Sites containing tables
Sites containing semantic structure, forms
Sites containing common elements/dynamic content

15. Evaluation Tools
Impossible to automatically evaluate all aspect of accessibility
Expert and clients (with disabilities) need to participate (Jaeger 2008)