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Volume 93, Issue 4, Pages (April 2018)

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1 Volume 93, Issue 4, Pages 921-931 (April 2018)
High and low sodium intakes are associated with incident chronic kidney disease in patients with normal renal function and hypertension  Chang-Yun Yoon, Juhwan Noh, Jinae Lee, Youn Kyung Kee, Changhwan Seo, Misol Lee, Min-Uk Cha, Hyoungnae Kim, Seohyun Park, Hae-Ryong Yun, Su-Young Jung, Jong Hyun Jhee, Seung Hyeok Han, Tae-Hyun Yoo, Shin-Wook Kang, Jung Tak Park  Kidney International  Volume 93, Issue 4, Pages (April 2018) DOI: /j.kint Copyright © 2017 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

2 Figure 1 Comparisons of dietary components according to quartiles of dietary sodium intake. Total calorie (a) is increased in parallel with increased amounts of dietary sodium intake in subjects with hypertension (P for trend <0.001) and those without hypertension (P for trend <0.001). Potassium intake shows similar trend of total calorie intake in both groups (b; P for trend <0.001). Fat, protein, and carbohydrate intakes increase according to greater intake of dietary sodium in subjects with hypertension (c; P for trend; fat, protein, and carbohydrate 0.620, 0.039, and <0.001) and those without hypertension (d; P for trend; fat, protein, and carbohydrate; <0.001, <0.001, and <0.001). Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j.kint ) Copyright © 2017 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

3 Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier plot and incident CKD development according to dietary sodium intake in subjects with (a) and without (b) hypertension. *P < 0.012; **P < 0.001; ***P = CKD, chronic kidney disease. Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j.kint ) Copyright © 2017 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

4 Figure 3 Forest plots for subgroup analyses of incident chronic kidney disease development according to dietary sodium intake in subjects with (a) and without (b) hypertension. BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; Q, quartile. Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j.kint ) Copyright © 2017 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

5 Figure 4 Flow diagram of study cohort. eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate. Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j.kint ) Copyright © 2017 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions


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