1. The Lower Brain

2. Accidents Phineas Gage Story Personality changed after the accident.
What this this tell us?
That different part of the brain control different aspects of who we are.

3. Brain Structures Hindbrain (lower brain) Midbrain Forebrain
Cerebral Cortex (part or forebrain)

4. Hindbrain (lower brain)
Structures on top of our spinal cord.
Controls basic biological structures.
The brain in purple makes up the hindbrain.

5. Medulla Oblongata Located just above the spinal cord.
Involved in control of
blood pressure
heart rate
breathing.

6. Pons Located just above the medulla.
Connects hindbrain with midbrain and forebrain.
Involved in facial expressions.

7. Cerebellum Bottom rear of the brain. Means “little brain”
Coordinates fine muscle movements.

8. Cerebellum

9. Midbrain Coordinates simple movements with sensory information.
If stimulated
Coordinates simple movements with sensory information.
Most important structure in Midbrain is the Reticular Formation: controls arousal and ability to focus our attention.
If Destroyed

10. Forebrain What makes us human. Largest part of the brain.
Made up of the Thalamus, Limbic System and Cerebral Cortex.

11. Thalamus Switchboard of the brain.
Receives sensory signals from the spinal cord and sends them to other parts of the forebrain.
Every sense except smell.

12. The Limbic System

13. Hypothalamus Maybe most important structure in the brain.
Controls and regulates
Body temperature
Sexual Arousal
Hunger
Thirst
Endocrine System
The most powerful structure in the brain.

14. Rat with an Implanted Electrode in pleasure center of Hypothalamus

15. Hippocampus
Involved in the processing and storage of memories.

16. Amygdala Involved in how we process memory.
More involved in volatile emotions like anger.
The emotion of anger has not changed much throughout evolution.