1. APAH – GARDNER CHAPTER 2-2 PP. 43-47
THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST
APAH – GARDNER CHAPTER 2-2 PP

2. SECOND MILLENIUM BCE Third Dynasty of Ur falls to the Elamites
Next 2 centuries in Mesopotamia – several city states
HAMMURABI – centralized control over southern Mesopotamia
Most famous king in Mesopotamian history
Great conqueror
Hammurabi’s Law Code – first detailed set of written laws -> early 18th century BCE

3. (2-19) Code of Hammurabi Babylon (modern Iran), Susian c. 1792-1750 B
(2-19) Code of Hammurabi Babylon (modern Iran), Susian c B.C.E. Basalt

4. (2-19) Code of Hammurabi Babylon (modern Iran), Susian c. 1792-1750 B
(2-19) Code of Hammurabi Babylon (modern Iran), Susian c B.C.E. Basalt
Flashcard
Hammurabi united Mesopotamia in his lifetime
Took Babylon from a small power to dominant kingdom
Text is in Akkadian
Contains the earliest written law code below the main scene
Shamash, the sun god, is enthroned -> presents signs of royal power to Hammurabi
Hierarchy of scale -> even seated Shamash’s shoulders are at same level of standing Hammurabi
Shamash gives authority to king and the laws -> king gives the laws to the people

5. LION GATE, HATTUSA
Babylonian Empire toppled by the Hittites in 1595 BCE
HATTUSA - Hittite capital city in Anatolia
City built of large stone blocks
LION GATE – two huge lions projecting from massive stones guard the gateway to the citadel
HITTITE ART AND ARCHITECTURE

6. ASSYRIA
First half of first millennium the Assyrians conquer Babylonians, Hittites, and Elamites
Reconstruction drawing of the citadel of Sargon II, Dur Sharrukin, Iraq, ca BCE
citadel was unfinished Assyrian Art/Architecture – Assyrians took name from the city Assur (named for god Ashur)
display of Assyrian power
strong defensive walls/city measures square mile in area/palace elevated 50 ft., covered 25 acres, had more than 200 courtyards and rooms/had great ziggurat (7 stories)- Sumerian bent-axis approach

7. Assyrian Art /Lamassu- ca. 720-705 BCE
Citadel of Sargon II
High Relief- Limestone
Winged, human-headed bull to guard gate- ward off king’s enemies
Conceptual Approach (show all important parts)
Composite View (front and side view in motion – has 5 legs)
(2-25) Lamassu from the citadel of Sargon II, Dur Sharrukin (modern Khorsabad, Iraq) Neo-Assyrian c B.C.E Alabaster
Flashcard

8. Lamassu

9. ASSYRIAN ARCHERS PURSUING ENEMIES RELIEF
Assyrian archers pursuing enemies, relief from the Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II, Kalhu, Iraq, ca BCE.
Painted Gypsum relief, 2’ 10” high
Assyrian historical narrative reliefs commissioned for palace walls to show royal power and piety
episode from 878 BCE- Ashurnasirpal drove his enemy’s forces into the Euphrates River
artist told story clearly and economically= distances compressed, human actors large so stand out
different view points in same frame/ composite view of figures/ archers bowstrings in front of bodies but behind heads= didn’t want to hide their faces

10. PALACE OF ASHURBANIPAL
Carved hunting reliefs
North Palace of Ashurbanipal, Nineveh in Iraq
BCE
Gypsum, 5’ 4” high
Hunting as manly virtue
The Assyrian empire BCE -> Neo-Babylonians -> then the Persians