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HELYCON Hellenic Lyeum Cosmic Observatories Network Developing and Constructing An Extensive Air Shower Detector Antonis Leisos Hep2006-Ioannina Hellenic Open University University of Patras University of Athens National technical University NRCPS Demokritos
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Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum
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The Concept primary mass energy age, Xmax space angle shower core
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Single Station GPS Scintillator-PMT DAQ ~20 m 1 m 2 Single Station Set-Up Triangulation Shower Direction
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Multi Station Set up GPS Synchronisation
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The HELYCON Scintillation Module Scintillator 2 Scintillator 3 GPS timestamp Station Server
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Prototype Construction 10 x 12 cm tiles 80 tiles ~ 0.96 m 2 12 WLS fibers per row Single PMT read out
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Scintillators & WLS fibers WLS fibers: Bicron (BCF-91A) Light attenuation length: 330cm Scintillators : Protvino (Russia) Emission spectrum:420 nm Decay time 2 ns
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PMT Testing Photonis XP-1912 Standard, 10-stage, 19 mm (3/4") round tube
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Detector Testing
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DAQ GPS Input USB Port Trigger Ouput4 PMT Signal Inputs 25ps accuracy TDC
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DAQ Handles 4-channels Adjustable PMT Thresholds Relative Arrival times < 1ns Estimates Pulse sizes (TOT) and Shapes Synchronization with GPS ~ 25ns Digital Interface to PC Slow Controls & Environmental Monitoring HPTDC 32 channels (LR) – 8 Channels (HR) 25ps (HR) to 800 ps (LR) accuracy Self Calibrating GPS (Motorola M12+Timing Oncore) 25 ns UTC accuracy can be better (up to 5ns)
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Software Tools CORSICA (Extensive Air Shower Simulation) GEANT4 (Scintillation, WLS & PMT response)
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Software Tools DAQSIM (DAQ Simulation) HOUANA (Analysis & Track Reconstruction) Time (ns) Height (mV) Zentih (degrees)
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Monte Carlo Studies Reconstruction of Shower Direction Reconstruction of the Shower Core Properties Vertical Proton Showers (10 6 -10 7 GeV) Distance from core (m) Particles/m 2
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Monte Carlo Studies Needed corrections curvature thickness ns after 1 st particle Core distance>500m
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Monte Carlo Studies Time Delay (ns) Distance from core (mm) Time Spread (ns) Distance from core (mm) Some Corrections (thickness) Vertical Proton Showers (10 6 -10 7 GeV)
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Monte Carlo Studies Θ rec -Θ true Pull Single Station Performance Vertical Proton Showers (10 6 -10 7 GeV)
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Monte Carlo Studies Distance from core (m) Reconstruction efficiencyResolution (degrees) Single Station Performance Vertical Proton Showers (10 6 -10 7 GeV) SQC (σ θ =6.4)
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Monte Carlo Studies Examples of a 3-Station Performance (Crude Analysis) Vertical Proton Showers (10 6 -10 7 GeV) Threshold Charge (pes) Resolution per reconstructed track (degrees)
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HELYCON Online Control & Data Analysis Package control real time monitor shower reconstruction data analysis real data & data summary storage graphics & presenter
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Time Schedule Prototype detector full test (PMT and Scintillator) May 2006 Production & test of 15 detectors July 2006 (2 detectors per week) Electronics TestingMay-June 2006 (the prototype is currently tested) DAQ Test + DetectorsJuly-September 2006 Online Software-Analysis Tools-Reconstruction Strategy Development -September 2006 3 station RunAutumn 2006
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HELYCON in Patras 10 19 eV 10 17 eV 10 15 eV 2 km
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Eurocosmics
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The General Idea… Angular offset Efficiency Resolution Position
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The Example of Amanda-Spase 30 stations (4 scint. 0.2 m 2 in a triangular grid, 30m spacing) B10 resolution 3.8 degrees
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~4km ~20km Very High Energy Very High Zenith Angle Extreme low rate
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Floating stations (Sea Technology?) The Concept We propose a minimum of 3 stations with at least 3 m 2 scintillator detectors each
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Monte Carlo Studies Examples of a Multi-Station Performance (Crude Analysis) Vertical Proton Showers (10 6 -10 7 GeV) Station Configuration Not need for position holding Resolution in determining a possible Angular Offset (degrees)-10 day operation Number of stations
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