1. Transpacific satellite and aircraft observations of Asian pollution: An Integration of MOPITT and TRACE-P
Colette L. Heald, Daniel J. Jacob, Arlene M. Fiore, Louisa Emmons, John C. Gille, Glen W. Sachse, Edward V. Browell, Melody A. Avery, Stephanie A. Vay, James H. Crawford, David J. Westberg, Donald R.Blake, Hanwant B.Singh, Scott T. Sandholm, Robert W. Talbot, Henry E. Fuelberg
NASA Aura Meeting
March 19, 2003
Heald et al., submitted JGR.

2. TRACE-P Aircraft Mission (Spring 2001)
CO Observations
Inverse Model
(Palmer et al.)
Model Error
Quantification
Chemical
Forecast
(Bey et al.)
CO Emissions
BOTTOM-UP EMISSIONS
Asian export fluxes
Transpacific pollution
transport
Global Asian influence
(JGR Special Section)
(Streets et al.; Heald et al.)
CTM (GEOS-CHEM)

3. Integration of Aircraft and Satellite Observations
TRACE-P
MOPITT validation
(D. J. Jacob tomorrow)
MOPITT
CO Observations
Inverse Model
(Palmer et al.)
Model Error
Quantification
Chemical
Forecast
(Bey et al.)
CO Emissions
BOTTOM-UP EMISSIONS
Asian export fluxes
Transpacific pollution
transport
Global Asian influence
(JGR Special Section)
(Streets et al.; Heald et al.)
CTM (GEOS-CHEM)

4. MOPITT: Satellite observations of tropospheric CO
Launched: Dec aboard EOS-Terra (polar orbit, ~3 days for global coverage)
Designed to measure: columns of CO and CH4 and profiles of CO
Resolution = 22 km x 22 km
Detection of CO:
4 thermal emission (4.6 mm) and 2 solar reflected (2.3 mm)
Sample Avgker over NH Pacific
Averaging kernel (A) describes the relative weighting of the ‘true’ mixing ratio (x) at each level to the retrieved value (x)
Averaging kernels are extremely variable
Retrievals are not very sensitive to vertical
(degrees of freedom for signal = 1.2)
One global a priori (xa) ^

5. MOPITT and GEOS-CHEM during TRACE-P (Feb 20-Apr 10, 2001)
Slope:
Model is high (avg=18%)
over SE Asia
BB too high
(or too much convection?)

6. Caution: Model comparison with MOPITT is sensitive to the vertical distribution of CO
Question: Can the CO in GEOS-CHEM be redistributed such that the retrieved MOPITT CO and model (with averaging kernel applied) agree?
Test case: Feb. 23, 2001 (15.6°N, 102.7°E)
Model
MOPITT
Model overestimates
at all altitudes
Apply this shape factor
to correct for an
overly-convective model
to “raw” model profile
(conserves total column)
Model and MOPITT
agree!

7. TRACE-P plume: Feb , 2001
Aircraft observations during outbound trans-Pacific TRACE-P flights observed elevated levels of CO (and O3) O3 CO A C B D E

8. Transport and Chemical Evolution of Plume: Feb. 22-27, 2001
Origin: Warm Conveyor Belt over Asia
Northern plume (observed at A) sees no O3 enhancement.
Southern plume (observed at D and E) subsides, leads to PAN decomposition and O3 production
ECMWF
Evolution: Split by blocking high pressure H

9. MOPITT observations of the Plume (Feb. 22-27, 2001)
Asian pollution
exported via cold
front
Plume encounters a
blocking H Pressure
System and splits
Elevated CO reaches
North America
Southern branch at low
latitudes produces O3
Total column CO

10. Transpacific Transport during TRACE-P
MOPITT: solid
Model: dotted
4 trans-Pacific
events reached
North America
during TRACE-P

11. Applying MOPITT to ITCT-2K2 (Spring 2002)
NOAA ITCT-2K2 Aircraft Mission: based out of Monterey, CA
Cheeka Peak
OUTFLOW
FROM ASIA
Trinidad Head
Monterey
Pre-anomaly
3 channels: 1, 3, 7
ds=1.21
Post-anomaly
2 channels: 5, 7
ds=1.15
May 7, 2001
Dec 1999
Present
TRACE-P
(Feb-Apr 2001)
ITCT
(Apr-May 2002)

12. MOPITT and GEOS-CHEM during ITCT (April 20 - May 20, 2002)
Slope: 0.81
with R.C. Hudman, Harvard

13. Contrast: MOPITT observations during TRACE-P and ITCT
MOPITT ITCT
MOPITT TRACE-P
GEOS-CHEM (ITCT-TRACE-P)
MOPITT (ITCT-TRACE-P)
Similar
Patterns!