1. WAYS MOLECULES MOVE Chapter 7-3

2. See a video clip about
DIFFUSION-7A

3. Diffusion

4. FROM A LOT to NOT Molecules move _______“where there’s _______”
Animatioin from:
Molecules move
_______“where there’s _______”
____“where there’s _______”
FROM
A LOT to
NOT

5. DIFFUSION across a space
Happens anytime there is a __________ in concentration in one place compared to another
= ________________________
DIFFERENCE
Concentration gradient

6. DIFFUSION across a SPACE
Molecules move automatically _______ the concentration gradient _______ an area of _______ concentration ____ an area of ________ concentration
EXAMPLES
DOWN
from
Higher to
Lower
Blue dye in beaker demo,
Someone making popcorn/grilling out
Strong perfume,
Bad smell in room

7. DIFFUSION across a space
Diffusion continues until the concentration is ________________ in space
= ________________________
equal everywhere
Equilibrium

8. Molecules need to move across membranes in cells
Image modiified from:

9. Diffusion can happen ________ a _____________ in a cell, too
across
membrane
…as long as membrane will let the molecule _________________
pass through

10. CELL EXAMPLE:
DIFFUSION automatically moves oxygen from HIGHER concentration (in lungs) to a LOWER concentration (in blood)
CO2 automatically moves from where there is a
HIGHER concentration
(in blood) to where there
is a lower concentration
(in lungs)

11. PROBLEM for CELLS? Diffusion only moves molecules from high concentration to low concentration.

12. What if cell needs to move a molecule _________ the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT? _______________
AGAINST
(LOWER  HIGHER)
Cell example:
Want to put MORE glucose
into mitochondria when there is
already glucose in there
Image from:

13. PROBLEM for Cells? Cell membranes are SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
Video from:
PROBLEM for Cells? Cell membranes are SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
See a movie

14. What if a cell needs to move _____ or ______ molecules that can’t get through the membrane?
LARGE
POLAR

15. PROBLEM for CELLS? Diffusion happens very slowly

16. What if cell needs to move molecules really _______
What if cell needs to move molecules really _______? (can’t wait for it to diffuse)
FAST
Cell example:
Movement of Na + & K+ ions
required to send
nerve signals

17. Cells need a ____ to ____ molecules across cell membranes that _______ across by ___________
WAY
HELP
can’t go
themselves

18. Kidspiration by: Riedell

19. See a video about Passive transport 7-C

20. Kinds of ________ Transport
PASSIVE
__________________________________
___________________________________
_______________________________
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Carriers
Channels

21. DIFFUSION across a membrane
DIFFERENCE
Happens anytime there is a __________ in _____________ on one side of the membrane compared to the other
concentration
See diffusion animation

22. DIFFUSION PASSIVE DOWN HIGHER to LOWER OXYGEN Carbon dioxide
DIFFUSION
PASSIVE
No energy required = _______
Moves _______ concentration gradient
from ___________________
Works for any molecules that can pass through the membrane
Example of molecules that move this way in cells:
________ & ____________
DOWN
HIGHER to LOWER
OXYGEN Carbon dioxide

23. FACILITATED DIFFUSION uses _______________ to help molecules across 2 kinds of proteins help: _________ & ____________
membrane proteins
Carriers
Channels
Animations from:

24. Facilitated Diffusion with CARRIER PROTEINS
Animation from:
Carrier protein
grabs molecule,
changes shape, and
flips across to
other side like a
revolving door

25. FACILITATED DIFFUSION with CHANNELS
Membrane
proteins
create a
tunnel through
which molecules
can pass

26. FACILITATED DIFFUSION with ION CHANNELS
charged
Allows ________ ions to get past
the ____________ tails in middle
hydrophobic

27. FACILITATED DIFFUSION with AQUAPORINS
polar
________ proteins allow ________
_________ molecules to get past
the __________ middle of cell
membrane.
Aquaporin
WATER
hydrophobic

28. The movement of water molecules across a cell membrane is called
______________
OSMOSIS

29. ALL KINDS OF FACILITATED DIFFUSION
PASSIVE
No energy required = _____________
Moves ________ concentration gradient
from ________________________
___________________ help molecules get across membrane
DOWN
HIGHER to LOWER
Membrane proteins

30. EXAMPLES OF FACILITATED DIFFUSION IN CELLS
CARRIER PROTEINS
ION CHANNELS
AQUAPORINS (OSMOSIS)
GLUCOSE
Na+ , Cl- , Ca++ , K+
WATER

31. Kidspiration by: Riedell

32. Kinds of ________Transport
ACTIVE
________________________________________
__________________________________
________________________________
___________________________________
PUMPS
Sodium-Potassium
Proton
Vesicles
Endocytosis
Exocytosis

33. See a video clip about
Na+-K+ pump -7D

34. Na+ and K + PUMP See a movie about Na+ - K+ pump
Animation from:
See a movie about Na+ - K+ pump

35. SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP
ACTIVE
___________ transport
(requires energy from ______)
Can move molecules from _____ concentration
to ______
Special just for Na+ and K + ions
Uses integral _______________________ called ____________ to move molecules
Example: nerve cells Na+ is pumped out of cells at same time K + is taken into cells
ATP
low
high
membrane proteins
pumps

36. PROTON PUMP H+ Moves Protons across membrane = ___ ions
See a movie proton pump
More on this in Chap 8 & 9

37. PROTON PUMP ACTIVE ATP low high H+ Protein pumps ___________ transport
(requires energy from ______)
Can move molecules from _____ concentration to ________
Special just for _________ions
Uses ________________ to move molecules
Examples:
Lysosomes need acidic conditions for digestion
Photosynthesis/Respiration (more on this to come in Ch 8 & 9)
ATP
low
high H+
Protein pumps

38. ACTIVE TRANSPORT with VESICLES
___________ are small membrane sacs that pinch off of cell membranes used by cells for transporting molecules
Used for transporting molecules:
If entering the cell = ______________
If exiting the cell = _______________
ENDOCYTOSIS
EXOCYTOSIS

39. See a video clip about
Endo/exocytosis -7E

40. 2 KINDS of ENDOCYTOSIS for taking substances into cell
If taking in:
fluid or small molecules =_________________
large particles or whole cells =______________
PINOCYTOSIS
PHAGOCYTOSIS
Animation from:

41. ENDOCYTOSIS Substances taken into cell
ACTIVE
energy
__________ transport (requires________)
Uses ______________ to carry substances
Can move molecules from _____ concentration
to ______
Examples in cells:
one celled organisms eat this way
white blood cells get rid of bacteria this way
VESICLES
low
high

42. ENDOCYTOSIS Protist eating another
Animation from:
Protist eating
another

43. PHAGOCYTOSIS
White blood cell
germs
___________ destroying _______

44. EXOCYTOSIS Substances released outside of cell
ACTIVE
energy
__________ transport (requires________)
Uses ______________ to carry substances
Can move molecules from _____ concentration
to ______
Examples in cells:
_________ release molecules this way
VESICLES
low
high
GOLGI

45. GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS
Video:
GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS
Animation from:
See a Golgi movie

46. Endocytosis & Exocytosis
Videos from:
Endocytosis & Exocytosis
Watch a video clip about endo/exocytosis
video
Choose Screen/Switch programs to view

47. SOUTH DAKOTA SCIENCE STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE
Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things.
9-12.L Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells.
Transport

48. Core High School Life Science Performance Descriptors
High school students performing at the
ADVANCED level:
predict how homeostasis is maintained within living systems;
predict the function of a given structure;
PROFICIENT level:
describe the relationship between structure and function;
predict how life systems respond to changes in the environment;
BASIC level
recognize that different structures perform different functions;
define homeostasis;