1. Absolutism and Enlightment Highlights

2. Absolutism
After a period religious and territorial conflicts that caused warfare and revolts, absolute monarchs rule Austria and the Germanic state of Prussia.

3. The Thirty Years’ War Rising Tension Bohemian Protestants Revolt
Tension rises between Lutherans and Catholics in central Europe
Bohemian Protestants Revolt
In 1618, Protestants revolt against Catholic Hapsburg rulers (Ferdinand II)
Result in Thirty Years’ War—conflict over religion, land, power

4. Thirty Years’ War (continued)
Hapsburg Triumphs (sometimes spelled “Habsburg”)
From 1618 to 1630, Hapsburg armies have many victories
Troops plunder many German villages

5. Plundering of a large farmhouse

6. The Strappado- torturing of renegade soldiers

7. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (1619-1637)

8. House of Habsburg coat of arms at their height

9. Austrian Hapsburg Coat of Arms

11. Current Flag & Coat of Arms of Austria
civil flag of Austria
coat of arms of Austria

12. State and War Flag of Austria
A combination of the civil flag and the coat of arms of Austria.

13. Thirty Years’ War (continued)
Hapsburg Defeats
In 1630, tide turns in favor of Protestants
Peace of Westphalia
War ruins German economy, greatly decreases population
Peace of Westphalia (1648) ends war
Treaty weakens Hapsburgs, strengthens France
Treaty introduces idea of negotiating terms of peace
Beginning of Modern States
Treaty recognizes Europe as group of independent states

14. This is the end… of the Thirty Years’ War
Peace of Westphalia
Effects:
Germany’s economy ruined
Population devastated
A huge movement against the mistreatment of civilians
Hapsburg Empires weakened
France stronger
Ended religious wars in Europe

15. Philip II and Louis XIV
A main goal of Philip II and Louis XIV was to maintain absolute power

16. Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism
Spain’s problems
Inflation
population increase, price increase
drop in silver value
taxes
expulsion of Jews and Moors
no middle class
merchant guilds
no capitalism; wealth flowed out
Dutch Revolt
occupation force
Calvinism and taxes
William of Orange
United Provinces of the Netherlands

17. Louis XIV Rules Absolutely
Louis XIV – l'etat c'est moi (I am the state)
most powerful king
crown at age 5
Cardinal Mazarin
Louis’ minister
1648 Thirty Years War Treaty
most powerful in Europe
fight with nobles
centralization of power
noble exclusion
intendants
tax and justice agents
Jean Baptiste Colbert
finance minister
mercantilism policies
Edict of Nantes revocation

18. Louis’s Grand Style Nobility Versailles morning dress
increased royal authority
dependence on Louis
kept from locales
Versailles
11 miles from Paris
$2B in 1994 dollars
36K laborers
500 yards long
What is similar in China?
Arts patronage
Sun King
glorify the king

19. Versailles Gardens

20. Suleiman I and Peter the Great
Both expanded their territory

21. Peter the Great Takes the Throne
Russia in the 1600s
land of serfs and boyars
mid-1850s
serfs attached to land
isolation
Constantinople
Eastern Orthodox
Mongol threat
Peter the Great –
future of Russia
warm water seaport
competition
westernization
‘Grand Embassy’
customs and technology
England, Germany, Austria

22. Divine Right
Monarchs believed in divine right- the idea that God created the monarchy and they were to act as God’s representatives on earth
An absolute monarch answered only to God- not his or her subjects

23. William & Mary 1688-1762 Offered the throne by Parliament
James II flees England for France
Share power with Parliament

24. Limits the power of the English Monarchy
Magna Carta signed by King John
Habeas Corpus Act passed during the rule of Charles II
Glorious Revolution
Bill of Rights agreed to by William and Mary

25. Thomas Hobbes
English writer of Leviathan
People are guided by basic survival instincts
Government must keep order
“Without government our lives would be nasty, brutish, and short!”.

26. John Locke
English writer of Two Treatises on Government
Supports a constitutional government
Government must protect our natural rights
“All people have the natural rights, including life, liberty, and property.

27. 3 major philosophies emerged
Belief in Progress
A more Secular Outlook
More trust in science

28. The Enlightenment in America
Enlightenment ideas had a major influence on the leaders of the American Revolution. English leaders in America shared with John Locke the traditions of the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights.
When the Americans rebelled in 1775, they pointed to the abuse of their rights by the English king.
The Declaration of Independence echoed Locke’s ideas on natural rights and the purpose of government.