1. Government and the State

2. What is government?
Government- institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies
Public Policies- all the things a government decides to do
3 Basic types of power
Legislative
Executive
Judicial

3. The State
State- a body of people, living in a defined territory, with a government, that can enforce laws without consent of higher authority
Population
Territory
Sovereignty
Government

4. Origin of the state Force Theory- created through force
Evolutionary Theory- develop naturally from family model
Divine Right Theory- god mad it, gave people right to rule
Social contract Theory- agree to create state, out of necessity

5. The Purpose of Government
Form a more perfect union
Establish justice
Provide for the common defense
Promote the General welfare
Secure blessings of Liberty

6. Classifying governments
Who can participate
Geographical distribution of power within the state
Relationship between legislative and executive

7. Types of Government
Democracy- supreme political authority rests with the people
Direct Democracy- vote for laws directly
Indirect (Republic)- vote for representatives
Dictatorship- answers to self and not people
Autocracy- single person unlimited power
Oligarchy- ruled by elite

8. Geographical Distribution of power
Unitary Government- centralized government
Federal Government- governing powers divided between central and local governments
Confederate Government- alliance of independent states

9. Legislative and Executive Branches
Presidential Government- separation of powers between executive and legislative branches (coequal)
Parliamentary Government- executive branch is prime minister and cabinet, they are members of the legislative branch, PM leader of majority party (or coalition)

10. Foundations of Democracy
1. fundamental worth and dignity of every person
2. respect for the equality of all persons
3. faith in majority rule and an insistence on minority rights
4. acceptance of the necessity of compromise
5. insistence upon the widest possible degree of individual freedom

11. Responsibilities and Duties of citizenship
Jury duty
Attend school
Pay taxes
Register for the draft
Obey the law
Responsibilities
Voting
Volunteering
participating

12. Democracy and the free enterprise system
Individual freedom
regulation