1. Human Environment interaction

2. navigation
Mau Piailug – 1976; used a Polynesian-style canoe to sail to Hawaii and back
Taught people how to navigate using traditional methods
Transportation methods vary based on region
Camel, horses, wagons, ships
Navigation methods include using stars and charts made of sticks and shells
1800s – adopted European methods
Voyaging canoes and outrigger canoes

3. Invasion of the Rabbits
European colonizers bring animals to Australia, including rabbits
In 1859, Thomas Austin releases 24 rabbits into Australia to hunt
− one pair can have 184 descendents in 18 months
− Australia has over one billion rabbits by 1900
Rabbits strip sparse vegetation, ruin sheep pastures, cause erosion
− resulting lack of food endangers native animals
Continued…

4. Invasion of the Rabbits
Control Measures
Efforts are made to control number of rabbits
− import foxes to prey on them, but foxes also endanger native wildlife
In 1950s, they’re intentionally infected with myxomatosis; 90% die
− ranches then able to support twice as many sheep
− rabbits become immune to disease; back to 300 million by 1990s
Today a combination of poisons, diseases, fences are used

5. Nuclear arms race between U.S., USSR begins in the 1940s
Nuclear Testing
Tests in Bikini Atoll
Nuclear arms race between U.S., USSR begins in the 1940s
− U.S. conducts 66 nuclear bomb tests on Bikini, Enewetak atolls
− atoll—ringlike coral island, or islands, surrounding a lagoon
Marshall Islands’ Bikini Atoll is far from shipping, air routes
“Bravo” hydrogen bomb test vaporizes several islands
− radiation contamination injures or sickens many islanders
Continued…

6. Bikini Islanders moved to the island of Kili in 1948
Nuclear Testing
Long-Term Effects
Bikini Islanders moved to the island of Kili in 1948
− conditions there don’t allow them to fish or grow enough food
U.S. declares Bikini safe in late 1960s, some islanders return
− in 1978, doctors find dangerous radiation levels in islanders
− islanders leave again
Cleanup of Bikini Atoll begins in 1988
− still unknown when Bikini will be suitable for humans again

7. Complete the chart Cause Effect Construction of Canoes
Rabbit population
(explosion and reduction)
Nuclear testing in the region