1. Volume 149, Issue 7, Pages 1678-1681 (December 2015)
Next Generation of Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy: Recombinant Microbial Enzymes and Finding the Perfect Lipase 
Mark E. Lowe 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 149, Issue 7, Pages (December 2015)
DOI: /j.gastro
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2. Figure 1
Dietary lipids are swallowed into the stomach where emulsification continues and lipolysis begins. Gastric lipase releases about 15%–20% of fatty acids. The emulsion particles enter the duodenum where bile salts, biliary lipids, and pancreatic lipases are present. Lipid digestion occurs at the surface of large multilamellar emulsion particles. The accumulation of digestion products in the surface layer increases the surface pressure and the digested lipids likely leave the surface as large, unstable multilamellar vesicles that quickly form unilamellar vesicles and mixed micelles in the presence of bile salts. Fat absorption by intestinal enterocytes is thought to occur largely through mixed micelles, although other pathways are possible. (Adapted with permission from Hernell et al. Physical-chemical behavior of dietary and biliary lipids during intestinal digestion and absorption. 2. Phase analysis and aggregation states of luminal lipids during duodenal fat digestion in healthy adult human beings. Biochemistry 1990;29: ) BS, bile salts; Ch, cholesterol; DG, diglycerides; FA, fatty acids; FA-soap, fatty acid soaps; Lyso-PL, lysophospholipids; PL, phospholipids; TG, triglycerides.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
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