1. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Chapter 4
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

2. ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
An energy-storing molecule used by most organisms
Consist of three parts
Ribose (5 carbon sugar)
Adenine
3 Phosphates

3. ADP Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (Adenosine pyrophosphate (APP))
an important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells.
Consist of three parts
Ribose (5 carbon sugar)
Adenine
2 Phosphates

4. NADPH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidephosphate
A cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as lipid and nucleic acid synthesis, which require NADPH as a reducing agent.

5. ATP cycle Stored Energy—Energy is stored in chemical bonds
Releasing energy—Energy released when chemical bonds are broken are used to power cell activities.
Energy depleted—ADP (less energy and 1 less phosphate then ATP)
Making ATP—Energy released by other chemical reactions. Can be used to attach phosphate to ADP to make an ATP

6. Autotrophs
An organism that produces its own food from inorganic compounds and sunlight.
Plants
Algae
Some bacteria

7. Heterotrophs
An organism that cannot make its own food; obtains energy and nutrients by ingesting other organisms.
Animals
Fungi
Unicellular organisms
Also referred to as consumes

8. Photosynthesis
The process by which autotrophs convert sunlight into a usable form of energy.

9. Pigment
A molecule that absorbs certain wavelengths of light and reflects or transmits others.

10. Chlorophyll
An important group of photosynthetic pigments in plants and algae.

11. Chloroplast
An organelle common in plants and algae that converts sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into sugars during the process of photosynthesis; contains chlorophyll

12. Photosynthesis Equation

13. Calvin Cycle
The process that uses NADPH and ATP to construct carbohydrates from carbon dioxide; the second stage of photosynethesis.
Calvin Cycle

16. Cellular Respiration
The process by which food molecules are broken down to release energy.

17. Glycolysis
The process converting glucose to pyruvate; releases energy that can be stored as ATP.

19. Krebs Cycle
A series of oxidation reactions that break down pyruvate; the second phase of aerobic respiration.

21. Electron Transport
The process by which energy is transferred from the electron carriers to ATP.

23. Cellular Respiration, Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport

24. Fermentation
The extraction of a small amount of energy from pyruvate in the absence of oxygen; pyruvate is transformed into either alcohol or lactate.

25. Calorie
The amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.