1. Psychological Therapies
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy CBT for depression

2. Aims of CBT
To identify and alter negative beliefs and expectations (cognitive)
To alter dysfunctional behaviours that are contributing to or maintaining the depression (behaviour)

3. What to expect About 2o sessions over 16 weeks
Active, directive therapy
Focuses on hear and now (not like psychoanalysis)
Although the initial session may include some background information.

4. Aspects of the therapy Behavioural activation Homework assignments
Thought-catching
Cognitive restructuring
Problem-solving

5. Challenging negative thoughts
What is the evidence?
Is there another way to look at this situation?
What is the worst thing that could happen?

6. Practical skills Conversational skills
Improving interactions with people.

7. EFFECTIVENESS Lots of evidence to suggest CBT is effective in:
Reducing symptoms of depression
Preventing relapse

8. Other evidence
Inconclusive evidence when comparing with other types of psychotherapy and with anti-depressants.
But seems to be as effective as medication in reducing symptoms of depression in its early stage
Fava et al (1994) found CBT is superior to drug therapy in treating symptoms after a course of antidepressants.

9. When used in combination
Keller et al (2000) found when drugs and CBT used together effectiveness rose from just over 50% (when either used alone) to
85%

10. Individual differences
appears to be suitable for both
Severe and milder depression
Not so suitable for clients with high stress levels and are dealing with difficult life circumstances.

11. APPROPRIATENESS Client is more active than with biological treatments
Needs commitment
Can motivate them
Or put them off.

12. Appropriateness Not for clients who have rigid attitudes
Or are resistant to change.
Client cooperation needed.
Brief therapy cannot resolve very difficult life situations.

13. Appropriateness Not a quick process Requires effort and commitment
May be easier to identify the faulty thought process than to replace it.
Not invasive compared with drugs
Gives long-term strategy for dealing with future situations
But may become dependent on the therapist.

14. Appropriateness Not always available on the NHS
If it is, there is often a waiting list
May take a while to take effect – quicker than psychoanalysis but slower than medication.

15. Appropriateness Techniques can be used in future
May help to prevent relapse